Whole-transcriptome analyses of sheep embryonic testicular cells infected with the bluetongue virus.

Introduction: bluetongue virus (BTV) infection triggers dramatic and complex changes in the host's transcriptional profile to favor its own survival and reproduction. However, there is no whole-transcriptome study of susceptible animal cells with BTV infection, which impedes the in-depth and systematical understanding of the comprehensive characterization of BTV-host interactome, as well as BTV infection and pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: to systematically understand these changes, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1)-infected and mock-infected sheep embryonic testicular cells, and subsequently conducted bioinformatics differential analyses.

Isolation and characterization of two novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus from Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province of China.

Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a new candidate of Orbivirus genus, was initially isolated from mosquitoes in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently from both Culicoides and mosquitoes in several provinces of China and Japan. Little is known about the origin, genetic diversity, dissemination and pathogenicity of TIBOV, although its potential threat to animal health has been acknowledged. In this study, two viruses, V290/YNSZ and V298/YNJH, were isolated from the Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province.

Bluetongue virus non-structural protein 3 (NS3) and NS4 coordinatively antagonize type Ⅰ interferon signaling by targeting STAT1.

Previous studies have pointed out that bluetongue virus (BTV) down-regulates the expression levels of type Ⅰ interferon (IFN-Ⅰ) and inhibits IFN-Ⅰ signaling by targeting on the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) pathway. However, individual viral protein could not effectively block IFN-Ⅰ signaling. There is a need to explore the underlying mechanisms by which viral proteins of BTV coordinate to antagonize the IFN-Ⅰ signaling.

Novel Serotype of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, China.

In 2018, a strain of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), named YNDH/V079/2018, was isolated from a sentinel calf in Mangshi County, Yunnan Province, China. Nucleotide sequencing and neutralization tests indicated that the virus belongs to a novel serotype of EHDV that had not been reported previously.

Novel putative bluetongue virus serotype 29 isolated from inapparently infected goat in Xinjiang of China.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the 'type' species of the genus Orbivirus causing bluetongue (BT) in sheep, bovine and other ruminants. Twenty-four serotypes and several atypical serotypes of BTV were identified worldwide. In present study, a novel strain of BTV (V196/XJ/2014) was isolated from an asymptomatic sentinel goat in Yuli County, Xinjiang of China.

Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Domestic Cattle and Goats in Guangxi Province, Southern China.

Bluetongue is one of the most important vector-borne viral diseases that can lead to significant economic losses as a result of reduction of productivity and even death in some susceptible ruminants. However, epidemiological information on bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in cattle and goats is scarce in China. To determine the seropositive rate and risk factors of BTV infection in cattle and goats in Guangxi province, a subtropical region in Southern China, a total of 548 cattle serum samples and 6567 goat serum samples collected from 13 cities across Guangxi province during 2003-2015 were analyzed and found that the seroprevalence is 44.

Identification and complete-genome phylogenetic analysis of an epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 strain isolated in China.

An epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) strain designated YN09-04 was isolated from sentinel cattle in China. The length of its complete genome was 19,344 bp in total, consisting of 10 segments ranging in size from 810 bp (S10) to 3942 bp (S1). Based on phylogenetic analysis of the S2 sequence, YN09-04 clusters with EHDV serotype 7 (EHDV-7) strains form a distinct, well-supported subgroup, indicating that YN09-04 belongs to EHDV-7.

Suicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a sick pig.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive and facultatively anaerobic coccus, designated ZY16052, was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of a sick piglet in Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China and its taxonomic position was studied by following a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C, pH 8.0 and 2 % NaCl (w/v) on Columbia agar.

A new Tanay virus isolated from mosquitoes in Guangxi, China.

In 2013, seven virus strains were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus and C. quinquefasciatus collected in Guangxi Province, China. The viruses caused cytopathological effects (CPE) only in C6/36 cells, and not in mammalian cells, e.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Bluetongue Virus Serotype 15 Strain Isolated from China in 1996.

The full-genome sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 15 (BTV-15) strain B105/YN/1996 isolated in China was determined for the first time. The virus was isolated from sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province, China, in 1996. The total size of the BTV-15 strain B105/YN/1996 genome is 19,161 bp in length.

Full genome sequence of the first bluetongue virus serotype 21 (BTV-21) isolated from China: evidence for genetic reassortment between BTV-21 and bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV-16).

Bluetongue (BT) is one of the most important insect-borne, non-contagious viral diseases of ruminants and can cause severe disease and death in sheep. Its pathogen, bluetongue virus (BTV) has a double-stranded RNA genome consisting of 10 segments that provides an opportunity for field and vaccine strains of different serotypes to reassort whilst simultaneously infecting the same animal. For the first time, we report the full-length genome sequence of a BTV strain of serotype 21 (5149E) isolated from sentinel cattle in Guangxi Province in China in 2015.

Isolation of Tibet orbivirus from Culicoides and associated infections in livestock in Yunnan, China.

Background: Culicoides-borne orbiviruses, such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV), are important pathogens that cause animal epidemic diseases leading to significant loss of domestic animals. This study was conducted to identify Culicoides-borne arboviruses and to investigate the associated infections in local livestock in Yunnan, China.

Methods: Culicoides were collected overnight in Mangshi City using light traps during August 2013.

Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Strain YNTBa from Yunnan Province of China.

YNTBa is a rabbit-passaged attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of YNTBa, which provides data for further studies on replication, virulence, its determinants, and cell and host tropism of YNTBa.

Complete genome sequence of a Chuzan virus strain isolated for the first time in mainland China.

Chuzan virus (CHUV) belongs to the Palyam serogroup, causes bovine congenital disease, and is prevalent in Asia. To date, only one full Palyam virus (PALV) genome sequence, that of Japanese CHUV strain K47, has been reported. Sequence analysis indicates that PALV strains isolated from different geographical regions show significant diversity, which is mainly shaped by geographically independent evolution and genetic reassortment.

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Mangshi Virus: A Newly Discovered Seadornavirus of the Reoviridae Family Found in Yunnan Province, China.

Background: Seadornavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Reoviridae, which consists of Banna virus, Kadipiro virus, and Liao ning virus. Banna virus is considered a potential pathogen for zoonotic diseases. Here, we describe a newly discovered Seadornavirus isolated from mosquitos (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in Yunnan Province, China, which is related to Banna virus, and referred to as Mangshi virus.

Complete genome sequence of the first bluetongue virus serotype 7 isolate from China: evidence for entry of African-lineage strains and reassortment between the introduced and native strains.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) mainly infects sheep but can be transmitted to other domestic and wild ruminants, resulting in a considerable financial burden and trade restriction. Our understanding of the origin, movement, and distribution of BTV has been hindered by the fact that this virus has a segmented genome with the possibility of reassortment, the existence of 27 identified serotypes, and a lack of complete sequences of viruses isolated from different parts of the world. BTV serotype 7 is one of the prevalent BTV serotypes in Asia.

Genomic Changes in an Attenuated ZB Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia1 and Comparison with Its Virulent Parental Strain.

The molecular basis of attenuation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 ZB strain remains unknown. To understand the genetic changes of attenuation, we compared the entire genomes of three different rabbit-passaged attenuated ZB strains (ZB/CHA/58(att), ZBRF168, and ZBRF188) and their virulent parental strains (ZBCF22 and YNBS/58). The results showed that attenuation may be brought about by 28 common amino acid substitutions in the coding region, with one nucleotide point mutation in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and another one in the 3'-UTR.

[Determination of palmatine hydrochloride based on the interaction with morin by resonance light scattering technique].

A novel resonance light scattering method for the determination of PaH was developed based on the interaction of Palmatine hydrochloride (PaH) with Morin in pH 4. 6 HAc-NaAc buffer medium, and this interaction can result in largely enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) signal characterized by a peak at 308.0 nm.

Effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3A of a rabbit-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 on viral replication and infection.

An amino acid mutation (R127→I) in the 3A non-structural protein of an FMDV serotype Asia1 rabbit-attenuated ZB strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. To explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine (I) was changed to arginine (R) in the infectious cDNA clone of the rabbit-attenuated ZB strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the R127-mutated virus was rescued. BHK monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated with the R127-mutated virus to test its growth property and pathogenicity, respectively.

Meta-analysis on the efficacy of routine vaccination against foot and mouth disease (FMD) in China.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks have been reported in China for many years. Recently, due to the rapid economic development, the price of meat and its demand have grown quickly. This trend has resulted in an increase in the number of livestock moving from south-east Asian countries into China.

A highly sensitive dual-readout assay based on poly(A) and gold nanoparticles for palmatine hydrochloride.

This report presents a highly sensitive, poly(A)-stabilized gold nanoparticle-based assay with dual readouts (resonance light scattering and colorimetric) for detecting palmatine hydrochloride (PaH) in real samples. The detection mechanism is based on the fact that palmatine hydrochloride has strong affinity to poly(A), which can stabilize gold nanoparticles at high ionic strength, and cause the aggregation of poly(A)-stabilized AuNPs, resulting in the enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS). At the same time, the color change of poly(A)-stabilized AuNPs solution is from red to blue via purple.

Full-Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 (BTV-1) Strain Y863, the First BTV-1 Isolate of Eastern Origin Found in China.

The full-genome sequence of the bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) strain Y863, the first BTV-1 isolate of Eastern origin found in China, was determined. The virus was isolated from sheep during a severe outbreak of bluetongue in Shizhong County, Yunnan Province, southwest China, in 1979. The total size of the BTV-1 strain Y863 genome is 19,170 bp.

Full genome sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from China.

The complete genomic sequence of a bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-4) strain (strain YTS-4), isolated from sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province, China, is reported here. This work is the first to document the complete genomic sequence of a BTV-4 strain from China. The sequence information will help determine the geographic origin of Chinese BTV-4 and provide data to facilitate future analyses of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of BTV strains.

Genome analysis and development of infectious cDNA clone of a virulence-attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia 1 from China.

The RNA genome sequence of the rabbit passage-attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Asia 1, ZB/CHA/58(att), was determined to be 8165 nt in length excluding the poly(C) tract in the 5' UTR and the poly(A) tail at the 3' end. ZB/CHA/58(att) was most similar to the vaccine strain Asia 1/YNBS/58 in genome sequence and there were no deletions or insertions within the deduced polyprotein between ZB/CHA/58(att) and YNBS/58, but there were a total of 25 substitutions at the amino acid level and an extra 19-nt stretch in the 5' UTR was found in ZB/CHA/58(att). An infectious full-length cDNA clone of ZB/CHA/58(att) was developed.