An elderly advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient harboring rare epidermal growth factor receptor mutations L861R benefited from afatinib: A case report.

Rationale: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significant efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. No clear evidence exists that EGFR-L861R is sensitive to TKIs, and the best treatment for NSCLC patients with EGFR-L861R mutation is undetermined.

Patient Concerns: We report the characteristics, efficacy, and adverse events of a patient harboring rare EGFR mutations L861R treated with afatinib, and summarize the currently available evidence and ongoing clinical trials regarding it.