Phylogenetic study documents different speciation mechanisms within the lineage in boreal and arctic environments of the Northern Hemisphere.

The lineage is a morphologically and phylogenetically well-defined group of ectomycorrhizal fungi occurring in various climatic areas. In this study we performed a multi-locus phylogenetic study based on collections from boreal, alpine and arctic habitats of Europe and Western North America, subalpine collections from the southeast Himalayas and collections from subtropical coniferous forests of Pakistan. European and North American collections are nearly identical and probably represent a single species named distributed from the Alps to the Rocky Mountains.

Development of Ling-zhi industry in China - emanated from the artificial cultivation in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS).

Ling-zhi is a medicinal herb that generally refers to a fungus in the genus . It has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Mycologists at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) first artificially cultivated the Ling-zhi fruiting body in the late 1960s (X.

Isolation, Identification, and Bioactivity of Monoterpenoids and Sesquiterpenoids from the Mycelia of Edible Mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae.

Edible mushroom is a profilic source of bioactive metabolites for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. In this work, four new monoterpenoids (1-4) and one new sesquiterpenoid (6) were isolated from the mycelia of edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae fermented on rice. Their structures were established by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism (CD) data analysis.

Pleurospiroketals A-E, perhydrobenzannulated 5,5-spiroketal sesquiterpenes from the edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae.

Five novel perhydrobenzannulated 5,5-spiroketal sesquiterpenes, namely, pleurospiroketals A-E (1-5), were isolated from the culture of the edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae. Pleurospiroketals D (4) and E (5) were obtained as an isomeric mixture with a ratio of 5:4. Their structures were established by NMR, X-ray single-crystal diffraction, and CD data analysis.

Bioactive sesquiterpenoids from the solid culture of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes growing on cooked rice.

The edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes was cultivated on cooked rice. Six new cuparene sesquiterpenes, enokipodins E-J (1-6), and two new sterpurane sesquiterpenes, sterpurols A (10) and B (11), with four known sesquiterpenes, 2,5-cuparadiene-1,4-dione (7), enokipodins B (8) and D (9), and sterpuric acid (12), were isolated from the solid culture of F. velutipes.

Gene cloning and recombinant expression of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein from Trametes versicolor.

Homology-based cloning was used to obtain a new gene (named FIP-tvc) from the genomic DNA of the Chinese traditional medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor. FIP-tvc is a member of the fungal immunomodulatory protein family, is composed of 336bp encoding 111 amino acids, and is highly homologous with other fungal immunomodulatory proteins. In addition, an expression system for FIP-tvc was constructed.

Terpenoid and phenolic metabolites from the fungus xylaria sp. associated with termite nests.

Three new sesquiterpene acids, xylaric acids A-C (1-3, resp.), and a new tetralone (=3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) derivative, 4, along with nine known compounds, xylaric acid D (5), hydroheptelidic acid (6), gliocladic acid (7), chlorine heptelidic acid (8), trichoderonic acid A (9), 16-(α-D-mannopyranosyloxy)isopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (10), 16-(α-D-glucopyranosyloxy)isopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (11), 5-carboxymellein (12), and naphthalen-1,8-diol 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (13) have been isolated from the solid culture of the ascomycete fungus Xylaria sp. associated with termite nest.

Cloning and analysis of the MAT1-2-1 gene from the traditional Chinese medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis.

The entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been important in traditional Chinese medicine but has yet to be commercially cultivated. One bottleneck is the very low frequency of stromata formation from artificially infected moth larvae. The mating system of fungi is the determining factor for sexual reproduction, but mating-type genes of O.

Chemical constituents from endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum.

A new oxysporidinone analogue (1) and a new 3-hydroxyl-2-piperidinone derivative (2), along with the known compounds (-)-4,6'-anhydrooxysporidinone (3), (+)-fusarinolic acid (4), gibepyrone D (5), beauvercin (6),cerevisterol (7), fusaruside (8), and (2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-2-N-(2'-hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (9) were isolated from Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT method against cancer cell lines, PC-3, PANC-1, and A549. Beauvericin showed cytotoxicity against PC-3, PANC-1, and A549 with IC(50) value of 49.

Purification and characterization of a novel immunomodulatory protein from the medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor.

Bioactive proteins represent an important group of functional agents in medicinal mushrooms. Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd is a mushroom frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities.