Sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer: a review of etiology, biology, diagnosis, and outcomes.

Bladder carcinoma represents a prevalent malignancy, wherein the influence of sex extends across its incidence, biological attributes, and clinical outcomes. This scholarly exposition meticulously examines pertinent investigations, elucidating the nuanced impact of sex on bladder cancer, and posits cogent avenues for future research and intervention modalities. In the initial discourse, an exhaustive scrutiny is undertaken of the etiological underpinnings of bladder cancer, encompassing variables such as tobacco consumption, occupational exposures, and genetic aberrations.

Effects of combined application of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiome and inflammatory factor levels in weaned piglets.

Background: Our previous study observed that benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin have a synergistic bactericidal effect. Moreover, their improvement effect of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on the growth performance and diarrhea of weaned piglets was better than the two feedings alone. However, it is not clear how the combination of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin affects the growth performance of weaned piglets.

Poor bladder compliance due to malacoplakia with xanthogranulomatous cystitis: A case report.

Rationale: Either malacoplakia or xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a rare chronic infection disease of urinary bladder, which often mimics bladder masses undifferentiated from malignance and results in severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The malacoplakia combined with XC is even rarer in the literature.

Patient Concerns: A 64-year-old female, who presented with nocturia, frequency of micturition, severe urgency with occasional urinary incontinence, and recurrent hematuria for >2 years, was diagnosed with azotemia and anemia.

Obstruction of bifid ureter by two calculi: A case report.

Rationale: The duplex ureter is a common anomaly of urinary tract, but preoperative sonography, plain abdominal radiography, or nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) often overlooked it when involved with urinary tract obstruction. In this report, We present a rare case of left Y-shaped bifid ureter and both ureter of upper moiety and common stem were obstructed respectively by 2 calculi.

Patient Concerns: A 47-year-old woman was admitted due to 3-day history of left-sided loin pain and low-grade fever.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of renal pelvis presenting with iterative hematuria and abdominal pain: A case report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor, which may affect various organs. The preferential site for IMT in the genitourinary system is the urinary bladder, while the presence of IMT in the kidney, and particularly in the renal pelvis, is rare. In the present report, the case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted to the Department of Urology of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China) in July 2012, with complaints of iterative gross hematuria and abdominal pain unresponsive to antibiotics is described.