Safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosilate for general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, controlled trial.

Introduction: Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative drug. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam with propofol for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in children undergoing elective surgery.

Methods: Children (aged 3-6 y, ASA physical status 1 or 2, BMI 14-25 kg.

Safety and efficacy of a novel dexmedetomidine nasal spray for pre-anesthetic sedation in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Off-label intranasal administration of injectable dexmedetomidine has been widely applied in the pediatric sedation setting. However, the development of an improved drug delivery system that is easy to use is needed. We developed a novel dexmedetomidine nasal spray that can be administered directly without dilution or configuration for pediatric pre-anesthetic sedation.

The effect of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia versus sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Remimazolam, a new ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine, is becoming increasingly applied in general anesthesia. This study is designed to investigate the effect of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on emergence delirium in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. This is a monocentric, prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Preoperative Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects of Intranasal Remimazolam and Dexmedetomidine: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study in Children Undergoing General Surgeries.

Purpose: Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting and fast-metabolized sedative, has only been sporadically investigated in children. This study was performed to determine the beneficial effects of intranasal remimazolam or dexmedetomidine on preoperative anxiety in children undergoing general surgeries.

Patients And Methods: Ninety children were randomly and equally assigned to Group R (intranasal remimazolam 1.

Effect of Remimazolam on Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Double-blinded Randomized Trial.

Background: Preventing emergence delirium is a clinical goal for pediatric anesthesia, yet there is no consensus on its prevention. This study investigated the hypothesis that a continuous infusion or a single bolus of remimazolam can reduce the incidence of emergence delirium in children.

Methods: A total of 120 children aged 1 to 6 yr were randomly and equally allocated into three groups: group RC, which received a continuous infusion of remimazolam at 1 mg · kg-1 · h-1; group RB, which received a single bolus of remimazolam at 0.

Pharmacokinetics of remimazolam after intravenous infusion in anaesthetised children.

Background: The pharmacokinetic properties of the new benzodiazepine remimazolam have been studied only in adults. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of remimazolam after i.v.

The safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosylate for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, positive-controlled clinical trial.

Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative agent commonly used in general anesthesia, procedural sedation, and intensive care unit (ICU) sedation. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in preschool-age children undergoing elective surgery. In this multicenter, randomized, single-blind, positive-controlled non-inferior clinical trial, one hundred ninety-two children aged 3-6 years will be randomly allocated as a 3:1 ratio into two groups: Group R with an intravenous dose of remimazolam 0.

Comparison of the Effects of Oral Midazolam and Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Preoperative Sedation and Anesthesia Induction in Children Undergoing Surgeries.

Premedication with either oral midazolam or intranasal dexmedetomidine prior to surgery remains less than ideal. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of those two drug regimens would have any beneficial effects on the preoperative sedation and the children's compliance during anesthesia inhalation induction. One hundred thirty-eight children aged 2-6 years were randomly allocated into three groups: Group M with oral midazolam 0.

Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effects Between Nalbuphine and Fentanyl in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study.

There is no universal agreement on optimal pharmacological regimens for pain management during surgeries. The aim of this study to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of nalbuphine with fentanyl in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority and multicenter trial in 311 patients admitted to four different medical facilities in China from October 2017 to November 2018.

The association of the optimal bolus of dexmedetomidine with its favourable haemodynamic outcomes in adult surgical patients under general anaesthesia.

Aims: Dexmedetomidine is highly specific α2-adrenoceptor agonist. A single bolus of dexmedetomidine can achieve clinical therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is essential to know the safety margin between the clinical effectiveness dosages of dexmedetomidine and its side effect.

Pharmacokinetics of Intranasally Administered Dexmedetomidine in Chinese Children.

Intranasal application is a comfortable, effective, nearly non-invasive, and easy route of administration in children. To date, there is, however, only one pharmacokinetic study on intranasal dexmedetomidine in pediatric populations and none in Chinese children available. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of intranasally administered dexmedetomidine in Chinese children.

Isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice and effects of A1 adenosine receptors on cognitive impairment.

Aims: Isoflurane may not only accelerate the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but increase the risk of incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether isoflurane contributed to the POCD occurrence through A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in aged mice.

microRNA‑372 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by directly targeting E2F1.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‑associated mortalities among women worldwide today. Accumulating evidence suggested that miR‑372 may serve important roles in the initiation and development of various human cancers. However, the role of miR‑372 in breast cancer remains unknown.

Determination of dexmedetomidine in children's plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and application to pharmacokinetic study.

A rapid, sensitive, and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of dexmedetomidine in children's plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished through a simple one-step deproteinization procedure with 0.2mL of acetonitrile to a 0.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine After Short Intravenous Infusion in Chinese Children.

Background And Objective: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties which is also used in pediatric anesthesia. Although the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine have been studied in pediatric patients, there are no data for Chinese children available. As alterations in pharmacokinetics due to ethnicity cannot be ruled out, it was the aim of this study to characterize the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in Chinese pediatric patients.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates the spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through blocking mast cell degranulation.

Objective: To investigate the neuro-protective effects of dexmedetomidine (dex) on I/R-induced spinal injury and potential mechanisms.

Methods: sprague-Dawley rats in the treatment group received intraperitoneal injections of 25 mg/kg dexmedetomidine, MC stabilizer cromolyn (100 mg/kg), MCs stimuliser compound 48/80 (80 mg/kg), PBS at 24 h befor IR. Underwent 5 minutes of aortic occlusion via median sternotomy, functional scores were recorded at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after reperfusion.

Effects of Etomidate on the Steroidogenesis of Rat Immature Leydig Cells.

Background: Etomidate is a rapid hypnotic intravenous anesthetic agent. The major side effect of etomidate is the reduced plasma concentration of corticosteroids, leading to the abnormal reaction of adrenals. Cortisol and testosterone biosynthesis has similar biosynthetic pathway, and shares several common steroidogenic enzymes, such as P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1).

Dose requirements of remifentanil for intubation in nonparalyzed Chinese children.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine ED50 and ED95 of remifentanil for intubation combined with propofol in nonparalyzed Chinese children.

Methods: Forty-seven American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I children aged 4-11 years weighing 14-33.5 kg underwent general anesthesia with 2.

[Propofol target controlled infusion plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction anesthesia for the removal of foreign body from tracheobronchus in children].

Objective: To explore the effects of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction for the removal of tracheobronchial foreign body in children.

Methods: After the approval of the hospital ethics committee, a total of 90 patients, aged 9 - 36 months old and weighted 8 - 17 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A, group B and group C. Propofol TCI plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction was administered in group A while ketamine or fentanyl plus propofol TCI in group B or C respectively.

[Effect of pediatric TCI system for propofol plus remifentanil in pediatric short-duration surgery with laryngeal mask airway anesthesia].

Objective: To study the effect of a pediatric TCI patent system for propofol plus remifentanil in pediatric short-duration surgery with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) anesthesia.

Methods: A total of 120 pediatric patients underwent short-duration elective surgery, aged 3 - 9 years old, weighted 13 - 26 kg, ASAI grade, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 40 each). The propofol concentrations of effect compartment were set at 2 µg/ml in Group A, 3 µg/ml in Group B and 4 µg/ml in Group C.

[Effect of the new propofol target controlled infusion system in children undergoing high ligation of hernial sac].

Objective: To discuss the effect of the new target controlled infusion (TCI) system in Chinese children undergoing minor operation and compared with TCI system with Marsh parameters.

Methods: Ninety ASA I, aged 3 - 5 yrs children undergoing elective unilateral high ligation of hernial sac under general anesthesia were randomly divided into group L (n = 45) and group M (n = 45) 2 groups. All subjects were unpremedicated.