Adjuvant-Free COVID-19 Vaccine with Glycoprotein Antigen Oxidized by Periodate Rapidly Elicits Potent Immune Responses.

Modification of antigens to improve their immunogenicity represents a promising direction for the development of protein vaccine. Here, we designed facilely prepared adjuvant-free vaccines in which the N-glycan of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) glycoprotein was oxidized by sodium periodate. This strategy only minimally modifies the glycans and does not interfere with the epitope peptides.

Novel sialoglycan linkage for constructing adjuvant-protein conjugate as potent vaccine for COVID-19.

Self-adjuvanting protein vaccines have been proved to be highly immunogenic with efficient codelivery of adjuvant and antigen. Current protein vaccines with built-in adjuvants are all modified at the peptide backbone of antigen protein, which could not achieve minor epitope interference and adjuvant multivalency at the same time. Herein, we developed a new conjugate strategy to construct effective adjuvant-protein vaccine with adjuvant cluster effect and minimal epitope interference.

Self-Adjuvanting Protein Vaccine Conjugated with a Novel Synthetic TLR4 Agonist on Virus-Like Liposome Induces Potent Immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Exploring potent adjuvants and new vaccine strategies is crucial for the development of protein vaccines. In this work, we synthesized a new TLR4 agonist, structurally simplified lipid A analogue GAP112, as a potent built-in adjuvant to improve the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD protein. The new TLR4 agonist GAP112 was site-selectively conjugated on the N-terminus of RBD to construct an adjuvant-protein conjugate vaccine in a liposomal formulation.

Hydrophilic rhodamine B-loaded / boronic acid-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite as a substitute of enzyme-labeled second antibody for ultrasensitive detection of antibodies.

Enzyme-labeled secondary antibody is often used to amplify the output signal in the process of antibody detection. However, its preparation process is complex and time-consuming. Herein, we fabricated an innovative hydrophilic rhodamine B-loaded / boronic acid-modified graphene oxide (HRBGO) nanocomposite, used as a substitute of enzyme-labeled second antibody.

A protein vaccine with Alum/c-GAMP/poly(I:C) rapidly boosts robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.

Adjuvants are important components in vaccines to increase the immunogenicity of proteins and induce optimal immunity. In this study, we designed a novel ternary adjuvant system Alum + c-GAMP + poly(I:C) with STING agonist 3,3'-c-GAMP (c-GAMP) and TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) co-adsorbed on the conventional adjuvant aluminum gel (Alum), and further constructed an S1 protein vaccine. Two doses of vaccination with the ternary adjuvant vaccine were sufficient to induce a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response and robust humoral and cellular immunity.

MPLA-Adjuvanted Liposomes Encapsulating S-Trimer or RBD or S1, but Not S-ECD, Elicit Robust Neutralization Against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern.

Safe and effective vaccines are the best method to defeat worldwide SARS-CoV-2 and its circulating variants. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein and its subunits are the most attractive targets for the development of protein-based vaccines. In this study, we evaluated three lipophilic adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 ligand PamCSK, and α-galactosylceramide (-GalCer), in liposomal and nonliposomal vaccines.

Morphometric Trajectory Analysis for Occipital Condyle Screws.

Objectives: Occipitocervical fusion (OCF) is an effective treatment for instability of occipitocervical junction (OCJ). The occipital condyle screw serves as a novel surgical technique for occipitocervical fixation. However, the intraoperative procedures for the occipital condyle screw technique have relied on surgeons' experience, so the pool of surgeons who are able to perform this surgery safely is limited.