RIPK3 Activates MLKL-mediated Necroptosis and Inflammasome Signaling during Infection.

Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although many different pathogens can contribute to pneumonia, is one of the common bacterial pathogens that underlie community-acquired pneumonia. RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) is widely recognized as a key modulator of inflammation and cell death.

LL37 Inhibits Infection via Directly Binding to the Fungus and Preventing Excessive Inflammation.

The incidence of infection and the rate of resistance to antifungal drugs have sharply increased in recent years. LL37 has been reported as a host defense peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the role of LL37 during infection remains unclear.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aged Macrophages and Lung during Primary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection is Improved with Pirfenidone.

Pneumococcal infections remain a leading cause of death in older adults, with the most serious cases occurring in persons ≥65 years of age. There is an urgent need to investigate molecular pathways underlying these impairments and devise new therapeutics to modulate innate immunity. The goal of our current study is to understand the impact of chronological aging on mitochondrial function in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of bacterial pneumonia.

Dectin-3 Recognizes Glucuronoxylomannan of Serotype AD and Serotype B to Initiate Host Defense Against Cryptococcosis.

and cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis or lung diseases in immunocompetent individuals or immunocompromised ones. and are subdivided into five serotypes based on their capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). consists of serotypes A, D, and AD hybrid, and consists of serotypes B and C.

Mechanistic Study of Inhibitory Effects of Metformin and Atorvastatin in Combination on Prostate Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.

Metformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type II diabetes and atorvastatin is the most prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin. The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of metformin and atorvastatin in combination on human prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro and grown as xenograft tumor in vivo. Metformin in combination with atorvastatin had stronger effects on growth inhibition and apoptosis in PC-3 cells than either drug alone.

Evaluation of a new cryptococcal antigen lateral flow immunoassay in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and urine for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: A new lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for the detection of cryptococcal antigen was developed.

Objective: We aimed to systematically review all relevant studies to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the cryptococcal antigen LFA on serum, CSF and urine specimens.

Methods: We searched public databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library for the English-language literature published up to September 2014.

Differential gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in childhood asthma.

Objective: Asthma is a common childhood disease with strong genetic components. This study compared whole-genome expression differences between asthmatic young children and healthy controls to identify gene signatures of childhood asthma.

Methods: Total RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was subjected to microarray analysis.

Effects of azathioprine and infliximab on mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of rats in vitro.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been demonstrated to be promising in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Azathioprine (AZA) is widely used in IBD patients. Infliximab, as a representative of biological therapy for IBD, is important in the treatment regimen.

1,4-Bis[4-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benz-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium bromide.

In the title salt, C(20)H(20)N(3)O(4) (+)·Br(-), the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 8.69 (16)°, and those between the benzene rings and the triazole ring are 69.98 (18) and 72.

The association between IFN-γ and IL-4 genetic polymorphisms and childhood susceptibility to bronchial asthma.

The present study aims to investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 with childhood susceptibility to asthma and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E among asthmatic children. A total of 100 asthmatic children and 122 control children were enrolled in the present study. The genotypes of the IFN-γ gene at the -179G/T locus and the IL-4 gene at the -33C/T and -589C/T loci were detected using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells in adherent monoculture.

Background: Embryonic stem (ES) cells poss unlimited self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into cell of all three germ layers in vitro. Induced differentiation of ES cells to neural lineage cells has great potential in basic study of neurogenesis and regeneration therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors enhance histone acetylation so that globularly activate gene expression and may initiate multilineage differentiation.

(3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(4-hy-droxy-3,5-di-methoxy-benzyl-idene)oxan-4-one monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(23)H(24)O(8)·H(2)O, the six-membered ring of the oxan-4-one (tetra-hydro-pyran-4-one) ring displays an envelope conformation with the heterocyclic O atom at the flap position. The dihedral angles between the terminal benzene rings is 37.23 (10)°.

1,3-Bis[4-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benz-yl]benzimidazolium bromide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(25)H(23)N(2)O(4) (+)·Br(-)·H(2)O, the dihedral angles between the benzimidazole ring system and the two benzene rings are 87.77 (11) and 63.05 (11)°; the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 66.

(3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(4-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)oxan-4-one.

In the title compound, C(19)H(16)O(4), there are two 4-hy-droxy-benzyl substituents on the oxan-4-one (tetra-hydro-pyran-4-one) ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation. The dihedral angles between pyran-one ring and the two benzene rings are 26.69 (9) and 36.

Methyl 4-bromo-3-hy-droxy-benzoate.

In the title compound, C(8)H(7)BrO(3), the meth-oxy-carbonyl group is twisted at a dihedral angle of 8.06 (4)° with respect to the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into helical chains running along the b axis.

[Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of aquaporin-5 in the lungs of mice with acute allergic asthma].

Objective: To detect the expression of lung aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in mice with acute allergic asthma and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on AQP5 expression, and investigate the role of AOP5 in asthma pathogenesis.

Methods: Mouse models of acute allergic asthma were randomly divided into acute asthma group, normal control group and DEX treatment group. The total number of white blood cells, the subpopulations, and the levels of IL-5 and IFN-gamma were detected in the bronchoalveolar larvage fluid (BALF).

5-Hydr-oxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolium hydrogensulfate.

The title compound, C(5)H(10)NO(+)·HSO(4) (-), has been synthesized by reaction of 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one with H(2)SO(4) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The substituted pyrrolium ring adopts an envelope conformation. The hydrogensulfate anions form infinite helical chains parallel to the a axis via strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

3-[(R)-3,3-Dichloro-2-hydroxy-prop-yl]-8-hydr-oxy-6-meth-oxy-1H-isochromen-1-one.

The title compound, C(13)H(12)Cl(2)O(5), is an isocoumarin compound which has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of actinomycete Streptomyces sp. (V(4)) from the South China Sea. There are intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds [Cl⋯Cl = 3.

(1)H and (13)C NMR assignments for five anthraquinones from the mangrove endophytic fungus Halorosellinia sp. (No. 1403).

We report the unambiguous assignments of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of two new natural products, namely, 1,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methyl-5beta,9beta,8abeta, 6alpha,10aalpha-hexahydroanthracen-10 (10aH)-one (1) and 1,4,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methylanthracene-9, 10-dione (2), together with three known anthraquinones. These compounds were all isolated from the marine endophytic fungus No. 1403 collected from the South China Sea.

[Expression of transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA and its effect on Tc1/Tc2 balance in asthmatic children].

Objective: In contrast to CD(4)(+) helper T-lymphocytes (T(H)), little is known about the transcriptional regulation of CD(8)(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tc) and its role in the pathogenesis of asthma is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression on profiles of type 1 and type 2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asthmatic children.

Method: Totally 38 asthmatic children, including acute attack group composed of 20 cases (age 3 - 13 years, mean 6.

[The study of separating murine embryonic fibroblast from embryonic stem cells by the differential adhesion method].

This study has established a simple method of separating murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from embryonic stem cells (ES cells). The adhesion rates of MEF and ES cells were compared to find out the opitimum time of removing MEF. The result shows that 1.

Effects of sulfasalazine on biopsy mucosal pathologies and histological grading of patients with active ulcerative colitis.

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms of sulfasalazine (SASP) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Changes of pathological signs and histological grading of 106 patients with active UC were observed before and after the treatment with SASP, 1 g, thrice daily for 6 wk.

Results: The effect of SASP on the vasculitis in lamina propria was 48.

[The antitussive and de-sputum essential substance from the root of Gerbera piloselloides and its analytical compositions].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the essential substance from the root of Gerbera piloselloides and its antitussive and de-sputum effects.

Method: The essential substance (G4) was extracted from the root by alcohol and ethyl acetate, then it was separated by silica gel column eluted by the mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (5:95). Its chemical components were separated and identified by GC-MS.