The role of macrophage polarization and cellular crosstalk in the pulmonary fibrotic microenvironment: a review.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive interstitial inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate. Patients with PF commonly experience a chronic dry cough and progressive dyspnoea for years without effective mitigation. The pathogenesis of PF is believed to be associated with dysfunctional macrophage polarization, fibroblast proliferation, and the loss of epithelial cells.

The Role and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma: Overview and Progress.

Asthma as an individual disease has blighted human health for thousands of years and is still a vital global health challenge at present. Though getting much progress in the utilization of antibiotics, mucolytics, and especially the combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β-agonists (LABA), we are confused about the management of asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling, which directly threatens the quality of life for chronic patients. The blind addition of ICS will not benefit the remission of cough, wheeze, or sputum, but to increase the risk of side effects.