Antioxidants in neuropsychiatric disorder prevention: neuroprotection, synaptic regulation, microglia modulation, and neurotrophic effects.

Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's intrinsic antioxidant defenses, plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Beyond these conditions, recent evidence indicates that dysregulated redox balance is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, sulforaphane, alpha-lipoic acid, L-carnitine, ascorbic acid, selenocompounds, flavones and zinc, in alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms by mitigating excitotoxicity, enhancing synaptic plasticity, reducing microglial overactivation and promoting synaptogenesis.

The ameliorative effects of melatonin against BDE-47-induced hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive dysfunction through Nrf2-Chaperone-mediated autophagy of ACSL4 degradation.

Recent studies demonstrate that lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis participates in 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-evoked neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction. Melatonin has been indicated to confer neuroprotection against brain diseases via its potent anti-ferroptotic effects. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether melatonin can mitigate BDE-47-elicited cognitive impairment via suppressing ferroptosis, and further delineate the underlying mechanisms.

Microglial Mayhem NLRP3 Inflammasome's Role in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.

Introduction: This review delves into the intricate relationship between NLR inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). While the precise etiology of MS remains elusive, compelling research underscores the pivotal role of the immune response in disease progression. Notably, recent investigations highlight the significant involvement of NLRP3 inflammasomes in various autoimmune diseases, prompting an in-depth exploration of their impact on MS.

CoP electrocatalysts embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon as a host toward fast iodine conversions.

Herein, well-dispersed cobalt phosphide (CoP) electrocatalysts embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CoP@NC) were developed as an iodine host for zinc iodine batteries. Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity of the carbon matrix and the strong interaction as well as the efficient electrocatalytic activity of CoP with iodine species, the host achieved rapid iodine conversion while effectively suppressing the formation of polyiodides and zinc dendrites.

Gradient polaritonic surface with space-variant switchable light-matter interactions in 2D moiré superlattices.

Polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) materials provide unique opportunities for controlling light at nanoscales. Tailoring these polaritons via gradient polaritonic surfaces with space-variant response can enable versatile light-matter interaction platforms with advanced functionalities. However, experimental progress has been hampered by the optical losses and poor light confinement of conventionally used artificial nanostructures.

Estimates and trends in the global burden of glaucoma influenced by metabolic risk factors from Global Burden of Disease Study between 1990 to 2019.

Purpose: Glaucoma is an irreversible eye disease that causes blindness, which not only causes visual impairment and economic burden to patients, but also increases the social burden. This study aimed to estimate the global burden of glaucoma due to metabolic risk over the past 30 years.

Methods: The number and rate of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for metabolic risk factors-induced glaucoma were extracted.

QRFP and GPR103 in the paraventricular nucleus play a role in chronic stress-induced depressive-like symptomatology by enhancing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during chronic stress is essential for depression neurobiology. As the latest member of the RFamide peptide family in mammals, pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP) is closely implicated in neuroendocrine maintenance by activating G-protein-coupled receptor 103 (GPR103). We hypothesized that QRFP and GPR103 might contribute to chronic stress-induced depression by promoting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) release from neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and various methods were employed in this study, with male C57BL/6J mice adopted as the experimental subjects.

Creating Spin Channels in SrCoO through Trigonal-to-Cubic Structural Transformation for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reactions.

Oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR) play crucial roles in energy conversion processes such as water splitting and air batteries, where spin dynamics inherently influence their efficiency. However, the specific contribution of spin has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we intentionally introduce a spin channel through the transformation of trigonal antiferromagnetic SrCoO into cubic ferromagnetic SrCoO, aiming to deepen our understanding of spin dynamics in catalytic reactions.

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile.

The study aims to evaluate visual acuity and objective visual quality before and after the monocular bi-aspheric ablation profile for correction of presbyopia surgery. This prospective self-control study included 20 cases and 38 eyes of patients who underwent monocular bi-aspheric ablation profile correction of myopia with presbyopia at the Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to January 2024. These patients were selected for observation, and each patient's preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical aberration (SA) (within 6 mm), horizontal and vertical coma (within 6 mm), and corneal aspheric index (Q-value) (within 6 mm) were evaluated.

Metabolic tumor volume and the survival of patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: a meta-analysis.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) is a promising treatment for aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The aim of the meta-analysis was to determine the association between metabolic tumor volumes (MTV) derived on positron emission tomography before CAR-T infusion and the survival of patients with NHL.

Methods: Relevant observational studies pertaining to the purpose of the meta-analysis were obtained through a search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception of the databases to April 1, 2024.

A novel prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders: Based on a cohort study.

Background: Accurately predicting the probability of aggressive behavior is crucial for guiding early intervention in patients with mood disorders.

Methods: Cox stepwise regression was conducted to identify potential influencing factors. Nomogram prediction models were constructed to predict the probabilities of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders, and their performance was assessed using consistency index (C-index) and calibration plots.

Antitumor activity of anlotinib in malignant melanoma: modulation of angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry.

Malignant melanoma presents a formidable challenge due to its aggressive metastatic behavior and limited response to current treatments. To address this, our study delves into the impact of anlotinib on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry using malignant melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Evaluating tubular structure formation, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and key signaling molecules in angiogenesis, we demonstrated that anlotinib exerts a dose-dependent inhibition on tubular structures and effectively suppresses cell growth and invasion in both cell types.

[Genetic analysis of an individual with A3 phenotype due to variant of A-glycosyltransferase enzyme gene].

Objective: To explore the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism underlying an individual with A3 phenotype.

Methods: A 27-year-old ethnic Han Chinese woman presented at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on May 12, 2022 was selected as the study subject. ABO blood type was determined with standard serological techniques.

Associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic syndrome and remains a major global health burden. The increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide has contributed to the rising incidence of NAFLD. It is widely believed that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with NAFLD.

Design of double-core-shell structural materials for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

In this work, core-shell material with a special structure was designed and applied in solid-phase extraction (SPE) for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the advantages of core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 (Zeolite imidazole ester framework materials [ZIFs]), effective derivatization treatment was carried out to partially vulcanize the original ZIFs, resulting in a special and new double-core-shell structural material CoS/ZIF-67/ZnS/ZIF-8 (ZIFs@ZnS@CoS) with porous surface and center hollow. The multiple forces caused by the rich chemical structure, the large specific surface area caused by the special pore structure, and the effective protection of the ZIFs core by sulfide shell make the designed material have higher extraction efficiency and longer service life, compared with ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and ZIF-8.

Influencing factors of length of stay among repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders: a longitudinal study in China.

Background: Patients with mood disorders usually require repeated and prolonged hospitalization, resulting in a heavy burden on healthcare resources. This study aims to identify variables associated with length of stay(LOS) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders and to provide information for optimizing psychiatry management and healthcare resource allocation.

Methods: Electronic medical records (EMRs) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders from January 2010 to December 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Cadmium exposure induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive deficits via the mtROS-ferritinophagy pathway.

Exposure to environmental cadmium (Cd) is known to cause neuronal death and cognitive decline in humans. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent type of regulated cell death, is involved in various neurological disorders. In the present study, Cd exposure triggered ferroptosis in the mouse hippocampus and in the HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cell line, as indicated by significant increases in ferroptotic marker expression, intracellular iron levels, and lipid peroxidation.