Orbital Current Pumping From Ultrafast Light-driven Antiferromagnetic Insulator.

The orbital Hall effect originating from light materials with weak spin-orbit coupling, has attracted considerable interest in spintronic applications. Recent studies demonstrate that orbital currents can be generated from charge currents through the orbital Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials. However, the generation of orbital currents in antiferromagnets has so far been elusive.

The Fifth Annual Symposium of the Midwest Aging Consortium.

As the healthcare burden caused by an increasingly aging population rapidly rises, a pressing need exists for innovative geroscience research that can elucidate aging mechanisms and precipitate the development of therapeutic interventions to support healthy aging. The Fifth Annual Midwest Aging Consortium Aging Research symposium, held from April 28-30, 2024, was hosted by The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio and featured presentations from investigators across the Midwestern United States. This report summarizes the research presented at the symposium, whose topics included cellular senescence and the aging brain, metabolism and metabolic interventions, nutrition, redox mechanisms and biomarkers, and stress mechanisms.

[Research progression of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

The article reviews the clinical and mechanism researches of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent two decades at home and abroad. The results indicate that acupuncture-moxibustion is conductive to RA with fewer adverse reactions for the patients, and improves joint function and quality of life to a certain extent. The therapeutic results of acupuncture-moxibustion result from the multi-target, multi-level collaborative effect on RA.

Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules through Top Interface Modification with N-type Semiconductors.

The interface modification between perovskite and electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role in achieving high performance inverted perovskite photovoltaics (i-PPVs). Herein, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), known as Y6-BO and Y7-BO, were utilized to modify the perovskite/ETL interface in i-PPVs. Non-polar solvent-soluble NFAs can effectively passivate surface defects without structural damage of the underlying perovskite films.

The Fourth Annual Symposium of the Midwest Aging Consortium.

The Midwest Aging Consortium (MAC) has emerged as a critical collaborative initiative aimed at advancing our understanding of aging and developing strategies to combat the rising prevalence of age-related diseases. Founded in 2019, MAC brings together researchers from various disciplines and institutions across the Midwestern United States to foster interdisciplinary geroscience research. This report summarizes the highlights of the Fourth Annual Symposium of MAC, which was held at Iowa State University in May 2023.

3D Printable Polymeric Composite Material with Enhanced Conductivity Achieved by Affinity Matching.

Polymer-based conductive composites are lightweight, low-cost, and easily processable materials with important applications in various fields. However, achieving highly conductive and 3D printable polymer-based conductive composites remains challenging. In this study, we successfully developed a highly conductive composite suitable for direct ink writing 3D printing using unsaturated polyester resin as the polymer matrix and graphene nanosheets as conductive fillers and rheological modifiers.

Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite: An Efficient Room-Temperature Spin Generator via Large Interfacial Rashba Effect.

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) shows great potential for developing flexible and wearable spintronic devices by serving as spin sources via the bulk Rashba effect (BRE). However, the practical application of BRE in 2D HOIP faces huge challenges, particularly due to the toxicity of lead, which is crucial for achieving large spin-orbit coupling, and the restrictions in 2D HOIP candidates to meet specific symmetry-breaking requirements. To overcome these obstacles, we designed a strategy to exploit the interfacial Rashba effect (IRE) of lead-free 2D HOIP (CHCHCHNH)CuCl (PEA-CuCl), manifesting as an efficient spin generator at room temperature.

Overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance by targeting the tumor microenvironment.

Targeted therapy has ushered in a new era of precision medicine for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) stand as the recommended first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC harboring sensitive mutations. Nevertheless, most patients inevitably confront the challenge of drug resistance.

Peroxisomal import stress activates integrated stress response and inhibits ribosome biogenesis.

Impaired organelle-specific protein import triggers a variety of cellular stress responses, including adaptive pathways to balance protein homeostasis. Most of the previous studies focus on the cellular stress response triggered by misfolded proteins or defective protein import in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. However, little is known about the cellular stress response to impaired protein import in the peroxisome, an understudied organelle that has recently emerged as a key signaling hub for cellular and metabolic homeostasis.

The impacts of hypertonic conditions on larval cool cells.

exhibits multiple highly sophisticated temperature-sensing systems, enabling its effective response and navigation to temperature changes. Previous research has identified three dorsal organ cool cells (DOCCs) in fly larvae, consisting of two A-type and one B-type cell with distinct calcium dynamics. When subjected to hypertonic conditions, calcium imaging shows that A-type DOCCs maintain their responses to cool temperatures.

Enhanced mitochondrial fluorescence imaging through confinement fluorescence effect within a rigid silicon suboxide network.

Fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for studying intricate mitochondrial morphology within living cells. However, the need for fluorophores with stable fluorescence intensity and low phototoxicity poses significant challenges, particularly for long-term live-cell mitochondrial monitoring. To address this, we introduce the confinement fluorescence effect (CFE) into the design of fluorophores.

Nucleation limited assembly and polarized growth of a -designed allosterically modulatable protein filament.

The design of inducibly assembling protein nanomaterials is an outstanding challenge. Here, we describe the computational design of a protein filament formed from a monomeric subunit which binds a peptide ligand. The cryoEM structure of the micron scale fibers is very close to the computational design model.

Behavioral and economic traits reflect distinct resource acquisition strategies in tendril vines and stem twining vines.

Climbing plants are important components of tropical and many temperate forest ecosystems. Current studies regard climbing plants as a single ecological plant type and ignore the ecological differences resulting from their climbing mechanisms, which may lead to a misrepresentation of the role of climbing plants in forest dynamics. Based on behavioral traits and economic traits of climbing plants, we test the hypothesis that tendril climbers and stem twiners are characterized by different resource acquisition strategies.

Photoresponsive Two-Dimensional Magnetic Junctions for Reconfigurable In-Memory Sensing.

Magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) lie in the core of magnetic random access memory, holding promise in integrating memory and computing to reduce hardware complexity, transition latency, and power consumption. However, traditional MTJs are insensitive to light, limiting their functionality in in-memory sensing─a crucial component for machine vision systems in artificial intelligence applications. Herein, the convergence of magnetic memory with optical sensing capabilities is achieved in the all-two-dimensional (2D) magnetic junction FeGaTe/WSe/FeGaTe, which combines 2D magnetism and optoelectronic properties.

Free-Standing Poly(vinyl benzoquinone)/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Films as a Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Quinones with a rapid reduction-oxidation rate are promising high-capacity cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the high solubility of quinone molecules in polar organic electrolytes results in low cycle stability, while their low electric conductivity causes low utilization of electrode materials. In this article, a new -benzoquinone derivative, poly(vinyl benzoquinone) (PVBQ), is designed and synthesized, and a solution-based method of preparing free-standing PVBQ/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite films is developed.

Intergenerational epigenetic inheritance mediated by MYS-2/MOF in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Although autosomal-dominant inheritance is believed an important cause of familial clustering Alzheimer's disease (FAD), it covers only a small proportion of FAD incidence, and so we investigated epigenetic memory as an alternative mechanism to contribute for intergenerational AD pathogenesis. Our data showed that mys-2 of that encodes a putative MYST acetyltransferase responsible for H4K16 acetylation modulated AD occurrence. The phenotypic improvements in the parent generation caused by mys-2 disfunction were passed to their progeny due to epigenetic memory, which resulted in similar H4K16ac levels among the candidate target genes of MYS-2 and similar gene expression patterns of the AD-related pathways.

Deciphering the predictive value of senescence-related signature in lung adenocarcinoma: Implications for antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy.

Objective: The senescence process is pivotal in both the onset and advancement of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), influencing cell growth, immune evasion, the potential for metastasis, and resistance to treatments. Senescent cells' dual nature, both harmful and advantageous, adds complexity to understanding their expression patterns and clinical relevance in LUAD. In this study, we sought to evaluate the predictive value of the senescence-related signature in survival outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with LUAD.

Multidimensional role of adapalene in regulating cell death in multiple myeloma.

Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a challenging condition to cure, with persistent drug resistance negating the benefits of treatment advancements. The unraveling complexities in programmed cell death (PCD), inclusive of apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, have highlighted novel therapeutic avenues. Our study focuses on deciphering how adapalene (ADA), a small molecule compound, accelerates the demise of MM cells via targeting their compensatory survival mechanisms.

Terahertz oscillation driven by optical spin-orbit torque.

Antiferromagnets are promising for nano-scale oscillator in a wide frequency range from gigahertz up to terahertz. Experimentally realizing antiferromagnetic moment oscillation via spin-orbit torque, however, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the optical spin-orbit torque induced by circularly polarized laser can be used to drive free decaying oscillations with a frequency of 2 THz in metallic antiferromagnetic MnAu thin films.

YTHDF3 Regulates the Degradation and Stability of m6A-Enriched Transcripts to Facilitate the Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) readers mediate cancer progression. However, the functional role and potential mechanisms of the m6A readers in prostate cancer tumorigenicity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that YTHDF3 expression is elevated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and positively correlated to high grade, bone metastasis and poor survival.