Centrality anomalies for the domestic air transportation networks in the USA: an empirical benchmark.

Air transportation systems are a foundational infrastructure for the human's society. The lack of systematic and detailed investigation on a large amount of records for air flights has blocked seriously the deep understanding of the systems. By using the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020, we constructed the air transportation networks and calculated the betweenness and the eigenvector centralities for the airports.

miR-486 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia by regulating JAK-STAT signaling.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a widely prevalent disease worldwide and poses a large threat to public health. Previous studies have shown that AML is associated with cytogenetic heterogeneity, complex subtypes, and different therapeutic approaches. In this study, we found that miR-486 was upregulated in AML using both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and patient tissues.

Lapatinib antagonizes multidrug resistance-associated protein 1-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibiting its transport function.

Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer overexpressing human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2). Lapatinib can modulate the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2), which are the major mechanism responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of lapatinib on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1 [ABCC1]), MRP2 (ABCC2), MRP4 (ABCC4) and lung relative resistance protein (LRP) drug efflux pumps.

Nilotinib enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in CD34⁺CD38⁻ stem cells and ABC transporter overexpressing leukemia cells.

Incomplete chemotherapeutic eradication of leukemic CD34⁺CD38⁻ stem cells is likely to result in disease relapse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nilotinib on eradicating leukemia stem cells and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Our results showed that ABCB1 and ABCG2 were preferentially expressed in leukemic CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells.

Secalonic acid D reduced the percentage of side populations by down-regulating the expression of ABCG2.

The side population cells characterized by the ability to transport Hoechst 33342 out of cells have been identified as cancer stem-like cells. ABCG2 is found to confer the side population (SP) phenotype, multidrug resistance (MDR) and tumor recurrence. In this study, we found secalonic acid D (SAD), a metabolite of marine-derived mangrove endophytic fungus, showed potent anticancer effect on ABCB1-, ABCC1- and ABCG2- overexpressing multidrug resistance cells by MTT assay.

Targeting cancer stem cells: a new therapy to cure cancer patients.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been defined as cells within tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. They have been identified in blood, breast, brain, colon, melanoma, pancreatic, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on. It is often considered to be associated with chemo-resistance and radio-resistance that lead to the failure of traditional therapies.