PD-L2 act as an independent immune checkpoint in colorectal cancer beyond PD-L1.

Introduction: Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), holds promise as a therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer (CRC) by harnessing the patient's immune system to target malignant cells. Particularly, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is widely recognized for its critical role in tumor microenvironment immunosuppression. Antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have shown sustained efficacy against various cancers, including CRC.

Migrate demographic group for fair Graph Neural Networks.

Graph Neural networks (GNNs) have been applied in many scenarios due to the superior performance of graph learning. However, fairness is always ignored when designing GNNs. As a consequence, biased information in training data can easily affect vanilla GNNs, causing biased results toward particular demographic groups (divided by sensitive attributes, such as race and age).

TREM1/DAP12 based novel multiple chain CAR-T cells targeting DLL3 show robust anti-tumour efficacy for small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), recognized as the most aggressive subtype of lung cancer, presents an extremely poor prognosis. Currently, patients with small cell lung cancer face a significant dearth of effective alternative treatment options once they experience recurrence and progression after first-line therapy. Despite the promising efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and various other tumours, its impact on significantly enhancing the prognosis of SCLC patients remains elusive.

Synthesis of α,ω-End Functionalized Polydienes: Allylic-Bearing Heteroleptic Aluminums for Selective Alkylation and Transalkylation in Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization.

There are still challenges in the preparation of difunctional stereoregular polydienes, especially for the construction of initiating chain-end functionalization. Coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) provides a way to achieve the goal but usually requires sophisticated functionalized catalysts as well as expensive chain transfer agents (CTAs). In this work, heteroleptic aluminum with oligo(dienyl) substituents (oligo-Al agents) were readily prepared by living anionic polymerization (LAP) technique.

Correction: In-chain functionalized syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene by a Ziegler-Natta iron(iii) catalytic system.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06499K.].

Boosting the Thermal Stability of α-Diimine Palladium Complexes in Norbornene Polymerization from Construction of Intraligand Hydrogen Bonding and Simultaneous Increasing Axial/Equatorial Bulkiness.

Increasing the thermostability of α-diimine late-transition-metal complexes and therefore rendering them more active at higher temperatures is of great importance, yet challenging for the olefin polymerization field. In the present research, a new family of α-diimine palladium complexes that can promote norbornene polymerization at high temperatures (up to 140 °C) is disclosed. Because of the conformational restriction caused by increasing the axial and equatorial bulkiness as well as the presence of intraligand H···F hydrogen bonds, -aryl rotations can be efficiently restricted, therefore circumventing the deactivation of the active species at high temperatures.

In-chain functionalized syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene by a Ziegler-Natta iron(iii) catalytic system.

Copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene with four 1-substituted 1,3-diene comonomers bearing amino and alkyoxy groups by a Ziegler-Natta iron(iii) catalytic system to access in-chain functionalized syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene is reported herein. The polar comonomer content can be easily regulated by varying the comonomer loadings or polymerization conditions, affording functionalized syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene with different amounts of functionalities. The incorporation of a polar comonomer showed little influence on the 1,2-content and stereoregularity of the resulting polymers, giving a 1,2-structure as high as ∼85% and an pentad of 81.

Synthesis and Properties of In-Situ Bulk High Impact Polystyrene Toughened by High -1,4 Polybutadiene.

A series of high impact polystyrenes (HIPS) were successfully prepared by in-situ bulk polymerization. Selective polymerization of butadiene (Bd) in styrene (St) was achieved by using a neodymium bis(2-ethylhexanol)phosphonate/diisobutyl aluminum hydride/diethylaluminum chloride (Nd(P)/Al(-Bu)H/AlEtCl) catalyst, affording a prepolymer with high -1,4 content of 96.6% and extremely low styrene content of 1.

Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization with Polar Monomers Using Nickel Complexes Bearing Anilinobenzoic Acid Methyl Ester Ligand.

Neutral nickel complexes containing an anilinobenzoic acid methyl ester ligand are prepared and applied for the ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers. The complex containing isopropyl substituent on the aniline ligand conducts ethylene polymerization with high activity and good thermal stability. Most importantly, the catalyst promotes the copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers with high activity (up to 277 kg·mol·h), affording ester-functionalized semicrystalline polyethylene with reasonable polar monomer content (up to 3.

Synthesis of Propylene--Styrenic Monomer Copolymers via Arylation of Chlorinated PP and Their Compatibilization for PP/PS Blend.

A series of propylene--styrenic monomer copolymers were synthesized using the Friedel⁻Crafts alkylation reaction between chlorinated PP and substituted benzene, and the effects of these copolymers on a PP/PS (80/20) blend were investigated by using the impact test, morphology observation, thermo- and dynamic mechanical analysis, and rheology measurements. The results showed that the compatibilization efficiency varied as the variation of the substitute on the benzene ring of the styrenic monomer unit was incorporated in the PP chain in an order of methyl > ethyl > methoxyl. The copolymers bearing a crystalline isotactic polypropylene chain sequence and rubbery propylene--styrene-like unit chain segments may prepossess imaginable applications, giving an example for the synthesis and applications of PP-based copolymers, initiating a new way to broaden the polyolefin-based material family.

Use of Vanadium Complexes Bearing Naphthalene-Bridged Nitrogen-Sulfonate Ligands as Catalysts for Copolymerization of Ethylene and Propylene.

Vanadium complexes bearing naphthalene-bridged nitrogen-sulfonate ligand ([ê²(N,O)-8-(PhN)-1-naphthalenesulfonato]VOCl () and [ê²(N,O)-8-(PhN)-1-naphthalenesulfonato]VCl₂ ()) were synthesized. Activated by ethylaluminium sesquichloride (EASC) and in the presence of ethyl trichloroacetate (ETCA) as reactivator, complexes and showed activities of up to 39.1 kg polymer (mol V) h, affording the copolymers with high molecular weights ( up to 28 × 10⁴) and narrow molecular weight distributions (/ ~ 3.

Iminopyridine-Based Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Catalytic Behaviors for 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization.

A series of iminopyridine ligated Co(II) (⁻) and Ni(II) (⁻) complexes were synthesized. The structures of complexes , , , , , and were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Complex formed a chloro-bridged dimer, whereas , , and , having a substituent (, : CH₃; : Br) at the 6-position of pyridine, producing the solid structures with a single ligand coordinated to the central metal.

[Cervical tracheal resection with primary anastomosis for benign tracheal stricture in adult].

Objective: To introduce the outcomes of tracheal resection with primary end to end anastomosis for benign cervical tracheal stenosis, and to discuss the strategy for prevention of surgical complications.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 12 patients diagnosed as benign cervical tracheal stenosis from October 2009 to June 2012. Laryngo-tracheal endoscopic examination and computed tomography (CT) were used to assess the degree of stenosis, the grade of inflammation and edema of the subglottis and trachea, and the extent of stenosis and the remaining linear amount of normal airway.

Synthesis of bis(N-arylcarboximidoylchloride)pyridine cobalt(II) complexes and their catalytic behavior for 1,3-butadiene polymerization.

A new family of bis(N-arylcarboximidoylchloride)pyridine cobalt(II) complexes with the general formula [2,6-(ArN=CCl)2C5H3N]CoCl2 (Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 4a; 2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3, 4b; 2,6-Me2C6H3, 4c; C6H5, 4d; 4-Cl-2,6-Me2C6H2, 4e) and a typical Brookhart-Gibson-type reference complex [2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2N=CMe)2C5H3N]CoCl2 (5a) were synthesized and characterized. Determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, complexes 4a, 4c-e, and 5a adopted a trigonal bipyramidal configuration, and 4b adopted a distorted square pyramidal geometry. In combination with ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC), all the complexes were highly active towards 1,3-butadiene polymerization, affording polybutadiene with predominant cis-1,4 content (up to 96%).

Tumoral indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression predicts poor outcome in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) is strongly influenced by the host immune system. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can promote and maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment which can impede the efficacy of anticancer responses. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the prognostic value of intratumoral IDO expression in LSCC.

Complication following gastric pull-up reconstruction for advanced hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal carcinoma: a 20-year review in a Chinese institute.

Objectives: Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus is a very aggressive cancer with a high incidence of multifocal mucosal involvement and a high incidence of submucosal lymphatic spread. Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up reconstruction are often the procedures of choice. The aim of this study is to review the complication after gastric pull-up reconstruction in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal cancer.

Endoscopic removal of esophageal impacted dentures.

Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted on 6 patients with esophageal impacted dentures removed via rigid esophagoscopy.

Methods: Six patients with esophageal impacted dentures were treated in our department, and the following technique was successfully performed. With the patients under general anesthesia, we inserted the endoscope to visualize the impacted dentures, fixed them with forceps, and then stuffed several cotton slivers soaked in saline solution into the esophagus around the dentures with another forceps.

Rigid bronchoscopy for inhaled pen caps in children.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the clinical findings and treatment of pen cap inhalation with emphasis on the importance of managing aspirated foreign bodies by rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods And Patients: Of 1280 patients with foreign body inhalation treated from 1997 to 2007, 34 (2.65%) were because of pen cap inhalation.

Canal wall-down mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration for pediatric cholesteatoma.

Conclusions: As cholesteatoma is widespread and erosive, it should be cleared away thoroughly, to keep a dry ear and conserve maximum hearing ability in children. Canal wall-down mastoidectomy with mastoid and epitympanum obliteration is a good choice for treatment of cholesteatoma in children.

Objective: To investigate canal wall-down mastoidectomy with mastoid and epitympanum obliteration for the treatment of cholesteatoma in children.

[Transoral endoscopic CO2 laser surgery for hypopharynx in experimental animals].

Objective: To explore the substantial resection limits of CO2 laser surgery for hypopharynx and the course of wound healing in animals, for the purpose of evaluating the clinic usefulness of transoral CO2 laser surgery in the treatment of selected hypopharyngeal carcinomas.

Methods: Twenty-three dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. Group one (11 dogs) received left piriform sinus resection, group two (12 dogs) received the resection of posterior wall of the hypopharynx.

Synthesis and extremely high gas permeability of polyacetylenes containing polymethylated indan/tetrahydronaphthalene moieties.

Polymethylated poly(diphenylacetylene) derivatives, a new category of substituted polyacetylenes, were successfully synthesized, and proved to show extremely high gas permeability.

[Prevention of complications during paralaryngeal space neoplasms surgery].

Objective: To explore the prevention of complications during the the paralaryngeal space (PPS) neoplasms surgery.

Method: A retrospect study was carried out from 41 patients, suffering from paralaryngeal space neoplasms and recerving surgery from 1990 to 2002. The surgical procedures included oral approach in 6 cases, parotid approach in 6 cases, cervical approach in 25 cases, cervical approach with mandibular swing in 2 cases and lateral skull-base approach 2 in cases.

[FCM detection and pathology observation of 5 mm cutting-edge of laryngocarcinoma].

Objective: To explore the safety of 5 mm cutting-edges with the analysis of DNA contend and cell cycle and the pathology observation.

Method: Twenty specimens of laryngocarcinoma and its cutting-edges were analyzed by flow cytometry, contrasting to 5 samples of normal larynx tissue, and their light-microscopy and electra-microscopy were discussed.

Result: The DNA aneuploidy(AN) rate in the laryngocarcinoma, its cutting-edges and the normal tissue is respectively 60% (12/20), 15%(3/20) and 0.