Extra intravenous Ustekinumab reinduction is an effective optimization strategy for patients with refractory Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Ustekinumab (UST) optimization strategies, including shortening intervals and intravenous reinduction, should be administered to patients with partial or loss of respond. Evidence comparing these types of optimization treatments is limited. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weight-based UST intravenous reinduction in patients with refractory Crohn's disease (CD).

Plasma lipidomic profiling of thiopurine-induced leukopenia after NUDT15 genotype-guided dosing in Chinese IBD patients.

Introduction: Thiopurines, azathiopurine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (6-MP) have been regularly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite optimized dosage adjustment based on the NUDT15 genotypes, some patients still discontinue or change treatment regimens due to thiopurine-induced leukopenia.

Methods: We proposed a prospective observational study of lipidomics to reveal the lipids perturbations associated with thiopurine-induced leukopenia.

Comparison and development of machine learning for thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy prediction of refractory Crohn's disease in Chinese population.

Background: Thalidomide is an effective treatment for refractory Crohn's disease (CD). However, thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN), which has a large individual variation, is a major cause of treatment failure. TiPN is rarely predictable and recognized, especially in CD.

Computed tomography-based radiomics nomogram using machine learning for predicting 1-year surgical risk after diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

Background: Identifying patients with aggressive Crohn's disease (CD) threatened by a high risk of early onset surgery is challenging.

Purpose: We aimed to establish and validate a radiomics nomogram to predict 1-year surgical risk after the diagnosis of CD, thereby facilitating therapeutic strategies making.

Methods: Patients with CD who had undergone baseline computed tomography enterography (CTE) examination at diagnosis were recruited and randomly divided into training and test cohorts at a ratio of 7:3.

Ustekinumab Promotes Radiological Fistula Healing in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Real-World Analysis.

There is insufficient evidence to confirm the efficacy of ustekinumab (UST) in promoting fistula closure in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of UST in a real-world setting. The data were retrospectively analyzed.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of ovarian reserve decreases in women with Crohn's disease: a case-control study.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD), often occurring in women of child-bearing age, can decline the fertility rate. However, whether it reduces ovarian reserve has been rarely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian reserve in women with CD from the perspective of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and explore the factors that can decrease ovarian reserve.

The efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of refractory Crohn's disease in adults: a double-center, double-blind, randomized-controlled trial.

Background: Thalidomide is applied in therapy for refractory Crohn's disease (CD) in adults, but systematic and rigorous clinical evidence is scant. The aim was to provide theoretical references for the efficacy of thalidomide in the therapy for refractory CD in adults.

Methods: A double-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of refractory CD in adults in two inflammatory bowel disease centers in China.

DNA-Thioguanine Nucleotides as a Marker for Thiopurine Induced Late Leukopenia after Dose Optimizing by NUDT15 C415T in Chinese Patients with IBD.

Thiopurine dose optimization by thiopurine-S-methyltransferase (TPMT) or nudix hydrolase-15 (NUDT15) significantly reduced early leucopenia in Asia. However, it fails to avoid the late incidence (> 2 months). Although laboratory monitoring of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6TGN) to optimize thiopurine dose was suggested in White patients the exact association between leucopenia and 6TGN was controversial in Asian patients.

Indicators of suboptimal response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients from China with inflammatory bowel disease: results from the EXPLORE study.

Background: Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in China. The EXPLORE study evaluated the incidence and indicators of suboptimal responses to first-line anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). We present results for the mainland China subgroup.

Ustekinumab trough concentration affects clinical and endoscopic outcomes in patients with refractory Crohn's disease: a Chinese real-world study.

Background: Ustekinumab (UST), a newly-used biologic targeting p40 subunit of IL12 and IL23 in China, exerts a confirmed therapeutic effect on the induction and maintenance therapies for refractory Crohn's disease (CD). Therapeutic drug monitoring based on trough and antibody concentration is of core importance when treating patients who lose response to UST. We aimed to analyze the UST exposure-response relationship in CD treatment in the real-world setting.

Randomised clinical trial: dose optimising strategy by NUDT15 genotyping reduces leucopenia during thiopurine treatment of Crohn's disease.

Introduction: Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPTM) is a well known biomarker for thiopurine-induced leucopenia, which has limited value in Asia. Instead, NUDT15 C415T is a promising predictor in Asia.

Aims: To explore whether an optimised strategy based on NUDT15 C415T genotypes affects thiopurine-induced leucopenia, as well as efficacy in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease.

Twelve-week peptide-based formula therapy may be effective in inducing remission of active Crohn disease among women who are pregnant or preparing for pregnancy.

Background: Conventional treatment for Crohn disease (CD) in pregnancy includes mesalamine, thiopurine, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents. However, women may abstain because of complications, nonresponse, or potential adverse outcomes. Peptide-based formula therapy, through oral or nasogastric feeding without other food intake, is an effective and safe therapy for active CD.

Xanthine oxidase activity in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) competes with thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) to metabolize azathioprine (AZA)/6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in vivo. A retrospective investigation was performed to detect the activity of XO in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We also evaluated whether a relationship between XO activity and incidence of thiopurine-induced adverse effects (AEs) existed.

Targeted versus universal tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in 1968 patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-TNF therapy in a tuberculosis endemic region.

Background: Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB). Given limitations of screening techniques, it remains uncertain if patients receiving anti-TNF in TB endemic regions should be screened for latent infection with chemoprophylaxis restricted to those with proven infection, or if all patients should receive chemoprophylaxis.

Aims: To compare the incidence of active TB with infliximab (IFX) following targeted and universal TB chemoprophylaxis, and to determine the rates of adverse events (AE) related to TB chemoprophylaxis METHODS: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study was performed at 18 hospitals in China of 1968 adult patients with IBD receiving IFX from 2009 to 2017.

Incidence and risk factors for venous thrombosis among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background/aims: Risk of venous thrombosis is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); data on Asian IBD patients is limited and status quo of thrombosis screening and prophylaxis are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence, screening, prophylaxis, and risk factors for venous thrombosis among Asian IBD patients.

Methods: Medical files of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from 17 hospitals across China between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed for venous thrombosis, use of screening and prophylaxis.

Early serum infliximab trough level and mucosal healing could be predictors for one-year outcome after initiating therapy in Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: Serum infliximab trough level(S-IFX) and antibody were documented to correlate with clinical response. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between early S-IFX, early mucosal healing (MH) and one-year outcome in a cohort on maintenance IFX therapy in Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: The study group comprised of retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed for Crohn's disease ( = 108).

Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in incidence and prevalence in Asian countries since the end of the 20th century. Moreover, differences in the cause, phenotypes, and natural history of IBD between the East and West have been recognized. Therefore, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have established recommendations on medical management of IBD in Asia.

Polymorphisms of the TNF Gene and Three Susceptibility Loci Are Associated with Crohn's Disease and Perianal Fistula Crohn's Disease: A Study among the Han Population from South China.

BACKGROUND Although 90 susceptibility loci of Crohn's disease (CD) have been confirmed in the Asian population, susceptibility genes for perianal fistula of CD (pCD) in this population remain unknown. This study explored susceptibility genes for CD and pCD in the Han population from South China. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 490 patients diagnosed with CD between July 2012 and June 2016 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included and divided into the CD group (n=240) and the pCD group (n=250).

High-risk human papilloma virus infection and cervical neoplasm in female inflammatory bowel disease patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background And Aim: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, especially types 16 and 18, and cervical neoplasia in female Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods: From July 2014 to January 2017, sexually active, female, Chinese IBD patients (21-60 years) and age-matched controls underwent cervical ThinPrep cytology testing (TCT) and high-risk HPV-DNA detection, and completed questionnaires about awareness of cervical cancer and HPV. Cervical dysplasia was categorized as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2 and 3.

Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15 R139C genotypes impact 6-thioguanine nucleotide cut-off levels to predict thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Crohn's disease patients.

Background: Thiopurine-induced leukopenia (TIL) is a life-threatening toxicity and occurs with a high frequency in the Asian population. Although nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15 () variants significantly improve the predictive sensitivity of TIL, more than 50% of cases of this toxicity cannot be predicted by this mutation. The potential use of the 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6TGN) level to predict TIL has been explored, but no decisive conclusion has been reached.

Oral exclusive enteral nutrition induces mucosal and transmural healing in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: Mucosal healing is regarded as a clinical endpoint of Crohn's disease (CD), and transmural healing is correlated to the concept of deep remission. Current therapies to induce mucosal and transmural healing in CD are not satisfactory. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is underestimated therapy and its value has not been fully evaluated.

Risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study.

Background: This study sought to evaluate the risk factors for the development of colitis-associated neoplasia (CAN) in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: IBD patients who developed CAN between 1999 and 2016 were identified from eight medical centers. In addition to initial pathology evaluation, a CAN diagnosis was confirmed by two expert pathologists.