Targeting gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in T2DM: A review of multi-target interactions of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics with the intestinal barrier.

The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) imposes a substantial burden on public health and healthcare expenditures, thereby driving the pursuit of cost-effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and its metabolites with T2DM, indicating that targeted interventions aimed at modulating gut microbiota may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the management of T2DM. In this review, we concentrated on the multifaceted interactions between the gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier in the context of T2DM.

Spatio-temporal variation in soil thermal conductivity during the freeze-thaw period in the permafrost of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1980-2020.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has the largest amount of permafrost in the low and middle latitudes, making it highly susceptible to the effects of global warming. In particular, the degradation of permafrost can be intensified by anomalous amplified warming. To accurately model the hydrothermal dynamics of permafrost and its future trends, the accumulation of high-precision, long-term data for the soil thermal conductivity (STC) in the active layer is crucial.

Relationship between the deep features of the full-scan pathological map of mucinous gastric carcinoma and related genes based on deep learning.

Background: Long-term differential expression of disease-associated genes is a crucial driver of pathological changes in mucinous gastric carcinoma. Therefore, there should be a correlation between depth features extracted from pathology-based full-scan images using deep learning and disease-associated gene expression. This study tried to provides preliminary evidence that long-term differentially expressed (disease-associated) genes lead to subtle changes in disease pathology by exploring their correlation, and offer a new ideas for precise analysis of pathomics and combined analysis of pathomics and genomics.

Convergence and divergence emerging in climatic controls of polynomial trends for northern ecosystem productivity over 2000-2018.

Recent rapid warming has caused uneven impacts on the composition, structure, and functioning of northern ecosystems. It remains unknown how climatic drivers control linear and non-linear trends in ecosystem productivity. Based on a plant phenology index (PPI) product at a spatial resolution of 0.

Mechanisms of the herbal decoction against Parkinson's disease: Multiomics analyses.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving loss of dopaminergic neurons. Multiple studies implicate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Herbal Decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine composition with beneficial effects in Parkinson's disease, may have a complex array of actions.

Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors for potential wind erosion on the Mongolian Plateau.

Wind erosion can cause desertification and sandstorms in arid and semiarid areas. However, quantitative studies of the dynamic changes in wind erosion over long time periods are relatively rare, and this knowledge gap hinders our understanding of desertification under the conditions of a changing climate. Here, we selected the Mongolian Plateau as the study area.

Fabrication and simulation of a layered ultrahigh thermal conductive material made of self-assembled graphene and polydopamine on a copper substrate.

A composite material of graphene (G) and polydopamine (PDA) on a copper (Cu) substrate (G/PDA@Cu) was fabricated successfully by sequential immersion deposition in a dopamine solution and an aqueous graphene oxide suspension before annealing. Optimum preparation conditions were explored by the orthogonal experimental method. The morphology and chemical composition of G/PDA@Cu were studied systematically by a series of characterization techniques.

Storage, patterns, and environmental controls of soil organic carbon stocks in the permafrost regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions may be vulnerable to climatic warming, but global estimates of SOC distribution and magnitude in permafrost regions still have large uncertainties. Based on multiple high-resolution environmental variables and a compiled soil sample dataset (>3000 soil profiles), we used machine-learning methods to estimate the size and spatial distribution of SOC for the top 3 m soils in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions. We also identified key environmental predictors of SOC.

New permafrost is forming on the exposed bottom of Zonag Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Most lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have expanded in recent years. Zonag Lake, a critical habitat for Tibetan antelopes in the continuous permafrost zone, burst and overflowed after several years of expansion, resulting in a reduction of approximately 100 km in the lake area. Observations have revealed new permafrost is forming on the exposed bottom, accompanied by various periglacial landscapes.

Micropipes in SiC Single Crystal Observed by Molten KOH Etching.

Micropipe, a "killer" defect in SiC crystals, severely hampers the outstanding performance of SiC-based devices. In this paper, the etching behavior of micropipes in 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC wafers was studied using the molten KOH etching method. The spectra of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC crystals containing micropipes were examined using Raman scattering.

The Research on the Treatment of Metastatic Skin Cutaneous Melanoma by Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Based on the Analysis of Immune Infiltration Analysis.

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) treatment and prevention of metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) occurrence and metastasis based on network pharmacological methods and immune infiltration analysis.

Methods: The GEO database was used to obtain metastatic CM disease targets, the TCMSP database and the HERB database were used to obtain HJD action targets, core genes were screened by protein interaction network, and the potential mechanism of HJD in the treatment of metastatic CM was explored by enrichment analysis, prognostic analysis and immune infiltration analysis.

Results: HJD treatment of metastatic CM involved 60 targets, enrichment analysis showed that HJD treatment of metastatic CM involved Chemokine signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, etc.

Spatiotemporal variations and regional differences in air temperature in the permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere during 1980-2018.

Surface air temperature is an important factor for the permafrost thermal state in the Northern Hemisphere. It is therefore necessary to understand the variations and regional differences in air temperature to determine the interactions between permafrost degradation and climate change. In this study, we used observational data from the National Centers for Environmental Information, the China Meteorological Administration, and the World Data Centre for Meteorology to quantitatively analyze the variations and regional differences in air temperature from 1980 to 2018.

Risk assessment of potential thaw settlement hazard in the permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Climate warming could exacerbate the occurrence of thaw settlement hazard in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), which would threaten the stability of engineering infrastructure in cold regions. The risk associated with permafrost settlement, valuable for the regional sustainable development, remains poorly assessed or understood on the QTP. In this study, three common Geo-hazard indices were used to assess the settlement risks in the permafrost regions of the QTP, including the settlement index, the risk zonation index, and the allowable bearing capacity index.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of hydrothermal processes of the active layer on the central and northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

The spatial and temporal variations of the seasonal freeze-thaw cycles are important in understanding the ecological and hydrological processes and biogeochemical cycle associated with permafrost degradation caused by climate change, although observational data on the soil hydrothermal dynamics within the active layer of the permafrost region at the central and northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are extremely scarce. In this study, soil temperature and moisture date from 11 observational sites along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway from 2010 to 2014 were used to analyze the freeze-thaw cycles of the active layer. The results revealed that mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST) and mean annual temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) were the most closely related to the onset dates of soil freezing and thawing.

Exploring the contribution of precipitation to water within the active layer during the thawing period in the permafrost regions of central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by stable isotopic tracing.

Stable isotopic tracing has proven to be a useful tool for assessing surface water source dynamics and hydrological connectivity in permafrost regions. This study has investigated the contribution of precipitation to water within the active layer at three long-term observation sites, including Fenghuoshan (FHS), Hoh Xil (KKXL) and Wudaoliang (WDL), by using isotopic tracer technique and two-component mixing model. The results showed that precipitation was the predominant source for water within the active layer, permafrost and ground ice near permafrost table at the three sites.

Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pools in permafrost zones of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

There are several publications related to the soil organic carbon (SOC) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, most of these reports were from different parts of the plateau with various sampling depth. Here, we present the results from a systematic sampling and analysis of 200 soil pits.

Soil moisture and texture primarily control the soil nutrient stoichiometry across the Tibetan grassland.

Soil nutrient stoichiometry and its environmental controllers play vital roles in understanding soil-plant interaction and nutrient cycling under a changing environment, while they remain poorly understood in alpine grassland due to lack of systematic field investigations. We examined the patterns and controls of soil nutrients stoichiometry for the top 10cm soils across the Tibetan ecosystems. Soil nutrient stoichiometry varied substantially among vegetation types.

Permafrost and land cover as controlling factors for light fraction organic matter on the southern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

Permafrost degradation can stimulate the decomposition of organic soil matter and cause a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The light fraction organic matter (LFOM) is a labile substrate for microbial decomposition and probably plays an important role in future permafrost carbon cycles. However, little is known about the distribution of LFOM and its relationship with permafrost and environmental factors.

Effect of combined VEGF/ SDF-1 gene therapy on vascular remodeling and blood perfusion in cerebral ischemia.

OBJECTIVE Therapeutic neovascularization is a promising strategy for treating patients after an ischemic stroke; however, single-factor therapy has limitations. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins synergistically promote angiogenesis. In this study, the authors assessed the effect of combined gene therapy with VEGF and SDF-1 in a rat model of cerebral infarction.

Molecular Dynamics Studies on Thermal Transport Through Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.

The influence of the temperature and strength of the inter-wall interaction on the thermal conductivities of the (5,5) and (10, 10) double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) is studied by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with two different temperature control methods. One method is imposing heat baths (HBs) only on the outer wall, while the other is imposing HBs on both the two walls. The results show that the thermal conductivities of the DWNTs with the first method are about two-third of those with the second method.

[Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector co-expressing VEGF165 and SDF-1 genes and its expression in ischemic cerebral tissue of rats].

Objective: To construct a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying and co-expressing vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and explore its co-expression in ischemic brain tissue in rats.

Methods: The VEGF165 and SDF-1 genes were directionally connected with internal ribosome entry site (IRES). And the double gene co-expression recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC316-VEGF165-IRES-SDF-1 was built with homologous recombination.