Judicious Molecular Design of 5H‑Dithieno[3,2‑b:2',3'‑d]Pyran-based Hole-Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The structural modification of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is an effective strategy for enhancing photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a series of dithienopyran (DTP)-based HTMs (Me-H, Ph-H, CF3-H, CF3-mF, and CF3-oF) is designed and synthesized by substituting different functional groups on the DTP unit and are used fabricating PSCs. In comparison with Me-H having two methyl substituents on the dithienopyrano ring, the Ph-H having two phenyl substituents on the ring exhibits higher PCEs.

Real-Space Spectral Determination of Short Single-Stranded DNA Sequence Structures.

Resolving the sequence and structure of flexible biomolecules such as DNA is crucial to understanding their biological mechanisms and functions. Traditional structural biology methods remain challenging for the analysis of small and disordered biomolecules, especially those that are difficult to label or crystallize. Recent development of single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) offers a label-free approach to identifying nucleobases in a single DNA chain.

Promoting CO Electroreduction Over ion-exchange Resin-derived Ni-N-C Catalyst with Sulfur Doping.

The utilization of renewable energy for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) represents a pivotal technology in sustainable carbon conversion. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) structures have demonstrated exceptional electrocatalytic efficacy in CORR by maximizing atom efficiency. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted to optimize the catalytic performance of SACs through the selection of suitable carbon sources and supports, as well as the modulation of the microenvironment surrounding individual metal atoms.

Ripe Tomato Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv9.

Recognizing ripe tomatoes is a crucial aspect of tomato picking. To ensure the accuracy of inspection results, You Only Look Once version 9 (YOLOv9) has been explored as a fruit detection algorithm. To tackle the challenge of identifying tomatoes and the low accuracy of small object detection in complex environments, we propose a ripe tomato recognition algorithm based on an enhanced YOLOv9-C model.

Construction of Flexible Deterministic Sparse Measurement Matrix in Compressed Sensing Using Legendre Sequences.

Compressed sensing (CS) is an innovative signal acquisition and reconstruction technology that has broken through the limit of the Nyquist sampling theory. It is widely employed to optimize the measurement processes in various applications. One of the core challenges of CS is the construction of a measurement matrix.

Syntheses, Structures, and Photocatalytic and Sonocatalytic Degradations of Methyl Blue of Cu(II) and Mn(II) Coordination Polymers Based on Tri(triazole) and Dicarboxylate Ligands.

Cu(II) and Mn(II) coordination polymers [Cu(ttpa)(sub)] ( or ) and {[Mn(ttpa)(nip)(HO)]·3HO} ( or ) (ttpa = tris(4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine, Hsub = suberic acid, nip = 5-nitroisophthalicate) were hydrothermally prepared and the structures were characterized. exhibited a 2D (4,4) network based on [Cu(COO)] dimers with upper and lower dangled ttpa ligands and a 2D → 3D polythreaded network. showed a 2D (4,4) network with dangled uncoordinated triazole rings from ttpa ligands and nitro groups from nip ligands and a 2D → 3D polythreaded network.

Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in shaping tumor progression and responses to therapy. The intricate interplay between tumor cells and immune cells within this ecosystem influences their metabolic landscapes, thereby modulating the immune evasion tactics employed by tumors and the efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions. This review delves into the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in tumor cells and a spectrum of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), within the TME.

Glucocorticoids Selectively Inhibit Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Activity Through HCN Channels.

Glucocorticoids are known to influence hippocampal function, but their rapid non-genomic effects on specific neurons in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit remain underexplored. This study investigated the immediate effects of glucocorticoids on CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, and dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons in rats using the patch-clamp technique. We found that a 5 min extracellular application of corticosterone significantly reduced action potential firing frequency in CA1 pyramidal neurons, while no effects were observed in CA3 or DG neurons.

CRISPR-Cas13a-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which presents worldwide prevalence. BLV caused substantial economic loss in China around the 1980s; then, it could not be detected for some time, until recently. Due to its latent and chronic characteristics, the efficient and accurate detection of BLV is of utmost significance to the timely implementation of control measures.

The Characterization and Stability of Powdered Oil Loaded with β-Carotene Prepared from a Sodium Caseinate-Carrageenan Complex: The Effect of Vacuum Freeze-Drying and Spray-Drying.

β-carotene (BC) has various biological activities, such as anticancer properties, contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, etc., while the poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its further development in the food industry. Therefore, how to effectively encapsulate this unstable substance has become a hot topic.

A Self-Calibrating Fluorescent-Photoacoustic Integrated Probe Enables Fast Visualizing Pancreatic Cancer and Imaging-Guided Tumor Surgery.

Pancreatic cancer is known for its high invasiveness and metastasis, making rapid visualization and precise treatment critical for improving patient outcomes. Current diagnostic tools lack abilities to provide rapid and accurate tumor localization, particularly for real-time intraoperative guidance. To address this gap, the study has developed a novel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-mediated dual-ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)/photoacoustic (PA) bimodal probe, SiRho-SHD-NTR, specifically designed for the fast and accurate navigation of pancreatic tumor resection.

Soufeng sanjie formula alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and modulating intestinal metabolites.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as "bone bi" disease based on clinical symptoms in Chinese medicine. Soufeng sanjie formula (SF) is a traditional formula for treating "bone bi" disease, which consists of Scolopendra (dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch) (0.

PTD-FNK Alleviated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress of Boar Testicular Sertoli Cells via Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway.

PTD-FNK, a synthetic anti-apoptotic protein, has been shown to potently alleviate cellular injuries. However, the effects of PTD-FNK on oxidative defense in boar testicular Sertoli cells (SCs) against oxidative injury has not been explored. In this study, we show that exposure of SCs to 100 mg/L lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h leads to decreased survival rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA).

H. Pylori-Facilitated TERT/Wnt/β-Catenin Triggers Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia and Oxyntic Atrophy.

Persistent H. pylori infection triggers the repair program of the mucosa, such as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of SPEM in gastric tissues by H.

Hierarchical individual variation and socioeconomic impact on personalized functional network topography in children.

Background: The spatial layout of large-scale functional brain networks exhibits considerable inter-individual variability, especially in the association cortex. Research has demonstrated a link between early socioeconomic status (SES) and variations in both brain structure and function, which are further associated with cognitive and mental health outcomes. However, the extent to which SES is associated with individual differences in personalized functional network topography during childhood remains largely unexplored.

Thermal degradation of 18 amino acids during pyrolytic processes.

Biomass pyrolysis greatly impacts climates, ecosystem dynamics, air quality, human health, global carbon and nitrogen cycle. The emissions of nitrogen-containing compounds from biomass pyrolysis highly depend on the protein nitrogen existing in biomass. However, the quantitative kinetic information, including the rate constant and apparent activation energy of individual amino acid induced by pyrolysis are still yet to be well-constrained.

Identifying therapeutic targets for kidney stone disease through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis.

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is facing rising global prevalence and recurrence rates. Mendelian randomization aids in drug repurposing and the discovery of therapeutic targets. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify protein targets for KSD treatment and assess potential adverse drug reactions.

Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes M2 macrophage polarization.

Introduction: During an immune response, macrophages undergo systematic metabolic rewiring tailored to support their functions. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism has been reported to modulate macrophage function; however, its role in macrophage alternative activation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of BCAA metabolism in macrophage alternative activation.

Aroma characterization of Sichuan and Cantonese sausages using electronic nose, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry, odor activity values and metagenomic.

The interest of Chinese consumers in meat-free sausages has increased considerably due to their health benefits, but the aroma quality is far from reaching the traditional fermented meat sausages. This study evaluated the aroma characterization of Sichuan and Cantonese sausages using electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity values (OAVs) and metagenomic. Ninety-eight volatile compounds were identified.