Enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined locoregional therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A single - center retrospective study.

Background: Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant treatment challenges. While locoregional therapies (LT) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) offer some benefits, prognosis remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown promise in other oncological settings, suggesting potential benefits in HCC treatment regimens.

Compound cancer with small cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report and literature review.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the ovary is an extremely rare and highly malignant ovarian malignancy. The tissue origin of this type of cancer is still unclear, and it is characterized by rapid progression and a discouraging prognosis. The clinical presentation of small cell carcinoma of the ovary lacks specificity, and there are currently no effective treatment options available.

Reduced protein solubility - cause or consequence in amyloid disease?

In this perspective, we ask the question whether the apparently lower solubility of specific proteins in amyloid disease is a cause or consequence of the protein deposition seen in such diseases. We focus on Alzheimer's disease and start by reviewing the experimental evidence of disease-associated reduction in the measured concentration of amyloid β peptide, Aβ42, in cerebrospinal fluid. We propose a series of possible physicochemical explanations for these observations.

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progression, particularly its effects on immune cells within the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME).

Expression of SIRPα-Fc by oncolytic virus enhances antitumor efficacy through tumor microenvironment reprogramming.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively replicate within tumors, directly killing cancer cells and promoting a systemic immune response by releasing tumor antigens. These features make OVs a promising approach in tumor immunotherapy, offering targeted treatment with fewer side effects. Despite these advantages, OVs are primarily administered via intratumoral injection, limiting their effectiveness for advanced, systemic cancers.

Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor, is typically challenging to detect early and often results in a poor prognosis. In recent years, research interest has grown in the potential application of immunotherapy for CCA treatment. T cells, as a crucial component of the immune system, play a significant role in immune surveillance and therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.

Nab-paclitaxel combined with cadonilimab (AK104) as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: protocol for a phase II prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, and irinotecan, either as monotherapies or in combination with ramucirumab, are currently standard second-line treatments for GC. However, the efficacy of these therapies is limited, necessitating the development of new combination strategies to improve response rates.

A more scientific blood lead reference value urgently needs to be updated in China: From a national and international insight.

Although blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have significantly decreased compared to two decades ago, incidents of lead poisoning and elevated BLLs among children continue to occur frequently. This trend suggests that China's current hygienic regulations are not sufficiently effective in managing children's lead exposure. This study analyzed the revision processes of blood lead reference values (BLRVs) in children from various countries, the current BLLs and their changing trends in China, potential sources of lead pollution and exposure, the requirements for managing and protecting children's health, as well as the national measures and strategies for lead emission management and control.

hsa_circ_0004846 enhances the malignant phenotype of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via the miR‑142‑3p/PELI1 axis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with human tumorigenesis; however, whether hsa_circ_0004846 serves a role in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of hsa_circ_0004846 on PTC. The results demonstrated that circ_0004846 was abnormally upregulated in PTC tissues and thyroid cancer cell lines (BCPAP, TPC-1 and IHH-4).

Glycyrrhizin enhances the antitumor activity of cisplatin in non‑small cell lung cancer cells by influencing DNA damage and apoptosis.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which glycyrrhizin enhances the antitumor activity of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Initially, A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of glycyrrhizin (0.25-8 mM) or cisplatin (10-160 µM) for 48 h to investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin combined with cisplatin on A549 cells .

Causal Relationship Between Intelligence, Noncognitive Education, Cognition and Urinary Tract or Kidney Infection: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract or kidney infection is correlated with intelligence, noncognitive education and cognition, but the causal relationship between them remains uncertain, and which risk factors mediate this causal relationship remains unknown.

Methods: The intelligence (n=269,867), noncognitive education (n=510,795) and cognition data (n=257,700) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in individuals of European ethnicities. The genetic associations between these factors and urinary tract or kidney infection (UK Biobank, n=397,867) were analyzed using linkage disequilibrium score regression.

Prognostic value of glycolipid metabolism index on complications and mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive capability of glycolipid metabolism index (triglyceride-glucose index, TyG; atherogenic index of plasma, AIP; triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, TG/HDL-C; and non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio, NHHR) for complications and ventilator use in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Patients with ICH requiring ICU admission were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Outcomes assessed included incidence of complications and use of ventilator support.

Dose determination of VV116 in COVID-19 patients with severe liver dysfunction: a case report.

VV116 is an oral antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2, known for its favorable efficacy and safety profile. But its application in patients with severe liver dysfunction has not been evaluated. Here, we report a case in which a patient with aplastic anemia and liver impairment (recovery phase of acute liver failure) was infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Time-varying cost-effectiveness analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in Chinese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A microsimulation of the real-world population.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed time-varying effects in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but corresponding cost-effectiveness in different timeframes remained poorly understood. This study estimated the time-varying cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: Based on real-world individual patient data, a 2-year microsimulation model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding SGLT2 inhibitors to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone among patients with HFrEF.

The Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of PI3K Signaling in Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma.

Bronchial asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease with ongoing airway inflammation and increased airway responsiveness. Key characteristics of the disease include persistent airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Asthma's chronic and recurrent characteristics contribute to airway remodeling and inflammation, which can exacerbate lung damage.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics are emerging neuromodulation techniques that have attracted significant attention in recent years. These techniques enable the precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits, allowing researchers to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying depression. The advancement in these techniques has significantly contributed to the understanding of the neural circuits involved in depression; when combined with other emerging technologies, they provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression.

Effects of different fermentation temperatures on microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves.

Introduction: Microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves play a pivotal role during the fermentation, and fermentation temperature is a key factor in shaping the structure and function of the microbial community. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures (30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) on the microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves, providing insights into the complex interactions among temperature, microbes, and physicochemical metabolites.

Methods: Firstly, the physicochemical metabolites of cigar tobacco leaves under various fermentation temperatures were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A systematic review and meta-analysis examining alterations in medial meniscus extrusion and clinical outcomes following high tibial osteotomy.

Background: Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) is both a contributor to and a consequence of medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), with each condition exacerbating the other.High tibial osteotomy (HTO) realigns varus to valgus to alleviate medial compartment stress.This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate alterations in medial meniscus extrusion values and clinical outcomes following high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Application of Impulse Oscillometry Combined with Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Monitoring Asthma Control Levels in Children.

Purpose: To investigate whether Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) could more effectively monitor children with uncontrolled asthma and evaluate small airway function changes, while establishing a prediction model in combination with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to assist in clinical management and treatment of asthmatic children.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 203 asthmatic children who were followed up in our hospital from August 2023 to August 2024. Patients were divided into controlled asthma group (n=80) and uncontrolled asthma group (n=123).

Impact of a 7-day short peptide diet on gut microbiota and metabolomics in septic mice.

Objective: Our study aim is to explore the mechanisms of short peptide passages on intestinal dysfunction in septic mice utilizing a metabolomics approach, which provides a new scientific basis for the clinical study of sepsis.

Methods: Mices were allocated at random into four groups: control (Con), cecal ligation and puncture followed by one, three or 7 day short-peptide-based enteral nutrition group (CLP + SPEN1), (CLP + SPEN3), and (CLP + SPEN7) groups. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method was used to analyze changes in serum metabolites in septic mice.

Integrated surveillance and early warning system of emerging infectious diseases in China at community level: current status, gaps and perspectives.

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to public health. Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control. Given that more than half of EIDs are zoonotic, traditional integrated surveillance systems remain inadequate.

A J-Domain Protein J3 Antagonizes ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 to Regulate CONSTANS Stability and Flowering Time.

CONSTANS (CO) plays a vital role in activating the expression of the florigen FT during photoperiod-dependent flowering. The diurnal oscillation of CO protein abundance is strictly controlled by daylength and the circadian clock. We showed previously that ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 (AFP2) represses CO expression to delay flowering.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare spindle-cell neoplasm. IMT currently suffers from a paucity of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. The Chinese expert consensus committee on the diagnosis and treatment of IMT formed an "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".

Correction: Simulation of the resistance switching performance and synaptic behavior of TiO-based RRAM devices with CoFeO insertion layers.

Correction for 'Simulation of the resistance switching performance and synaptic behavior of TiO-based RRAM devices with CoFeO insertion layers' by Fei Yang , , 2024, , 6729-6738, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR05935A.

Classification of hemostatic methods and their efficacy in placenta increta.

Introduction: Placenta increta is a serious complication of pregnancy that needs a variety of intraoperative hemostatic methods to stop bleeding. However, the efficacy of different hemostatic methods is still not known. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different hemostatic methods in placenta increta.