Comparison between HPSEC-OCD and F-EEMs for assessing DBPs formation in water.

In this study, natural organic matter (NOM) in source water, as well as the treated water after coagulation with or without potassium permanganate (KMnO) preoxidation, was characterized by using high performance size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detector (HPSEC-OCD) and fluorescence excitation emission matrices (F-EEMs) with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Bulk parameters, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm (UV), were also analyzed. The results show that KMnO preoxidation caused the breakdown of high molecular weight (MW) organics into low MW organics.

Effect of ozone and permanganate on algae coagulation removal--pilot and bench scale tests.

Both pilot and laboratory scale experiments are conducted to compare the effect of ozone and permanganate preoxidation on algae removal by alum coagulation. Both appropriately dosed preoxidants are shown to be beneficial to algae coagulation removal. This may be attributed to a decrease in cell stability; however, overdosing may cause cell lysis and the release of organics, which could interfere with algae cell coagulation.

The mechanisms of potassium permanganate on algae removal.

The effect of potassium permanganate as preoxidant for algae-laden source water and the mechanism that it causes algae cells aggregation was investigated. Synthetic algae suspensions, prepared from lab-cultured Chodatella sp., were used for batch preoxidation and settling tests.

Removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water treatment: a pilot-scale study.

Giardia and Cryptosporidium have emerged as waterborne pathogens of concern for public health. The aim of this study is to examine both parasites in the water samples taken from three pilot-scale plant processes located in southern Taiwan, to upgrade the current facilities. Three processes include: conventional process without prechlorination (Process 1), conventional process plus ozonation and pellet softening (Process 2), and integrated membrane process (MF plus NF) followed conventional process (Process 3).