A randomized, evaluator-blinded, two-center study of the safety and effect of volume on the diffusion and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lateral orbital rhytides.

Background: There has been considerable discussion about the effect of the degree of dilution of botulinum toxin (BTX) but very few scientific studies.

Objective: The objective was to observe as to whether a fivefold difference in concentration of BTX solution would produce a difference in clinical effect or duration of effect.

Methods And Materials: Twenty individuals were enrolled at two sites and a within-subject paired-comparison study was performed on the lateral orbital area with a single injection of 5 U of BTX (BOTOX Cosmetic, Allergan Inc.

Clinical evaluation of enhanced nonablative skin rejuvenation using a combination of a 532 and a 1,064 nm laser.

Background And Objectives: Improvements in the physical signs of photoaging can be achieved by non-invasive laser resurfacing procedures. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Nd:YAG 1,064 nm and KTP 532 nm lasers for non-invasive skin rejuvenation.

Study Design/patients And Methods: Subjects requesting non-invasive skin rejuvenation underwent two treatments with the 532 nm laser to one side of the face and with both lasers to the other side, followed by three treatments with the 1,064 nm laser to both sides.

The use of nonablative radiofrequency technology to tighten the lower face and neck.

The ThermaCool TC system is a radiofrequency device capable of delivering higher energy fluences to a greater volume of tissue than nonablative lasers, with no epidermal injury. It has been successful in treating periorbital rhytides and lifting eyebrows. Given these positive finding for treatment of the upper face, the device has been recently applied to rejuvenate and tighten the skin on the lower face and upper neck.

Nonablative laser and light treatments: histology and tissue effects--a review.

Background And Objectives: Nonablative laser and light treatments have largely replaced ablative laser therapy in clinical use for the improvement of the visible signs of cutaneous photoaging, including rhytides, vascular lesions, and pigmentation. However, the mechanisms underlying the reported clinical efficacy of nonablative treatments are not well-understood. The purpose of this analysis is to critically evaluate what is known about histologic and tissue effects of nonablative laser therapy and suggest future directions for research.

The genetic epidemiology of psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese Han.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of genetic factors on the onset of psoriasis vulgaris and to develop a possible genetic model of psoriasis in Chinese Han.

Methods: Data for 1043 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were obtained by questionnaire. Complex segregation analysis and heritability were performed using Penrose's method, Falconer's method, and the EPI INFO 6.

Frequent use of tobacco and alcohol in Chinese psoriasis patients.

Background: This study aimed to explore smoking and drinking as risk factors in psoriasis.

Methods: Data collected from 789 psoriasis patients and 789 healthy controls were analyzed to determine whether there was an association between smoking/drinking and psoriasis.

Results: The proportion of male psoriasis patients using tobacco and alcohol was much higher than that of the control group (P < 10(-6)), whereas no statistical differences were found between female smokers and the control group.