Extracellular electrons transferred from honey probiotic Bacillus circulans inhibits inflammatory acne vulgaris.

Bacillus circulans (B. circulans) is widely used as an electrogenic bacterium in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. This study evaluated whether B.

Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis.

Ultraviolet irradiation induces melanin accumulation, which can be reduced by the use of chemical whitening products. However, the associated safety concerns of such products have prompted the search for natural and harmless alternatives. This study aimed to identify a natural acidic formulation to reduce skin pigmentation.

A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of , Inhibits the Growth of a Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients.

The microbiome is a rich source of metabolites for the development of novel drugs. Butyric acid, for example, is a short-chain fatty acid fermentation metabolite of the skin probiotic bacterium (). Glycerol fermentation of resulted in the production of butyric acid and effectively hindered the growth of a () strain isolated from skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro and in vivo.

Commensal Provokes Immunity to Protect against Skin Infection of Methicillin-Resistant .

Unlike USA300, a strain of community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA), commensal () bacteria isolated from human skin demonstrated the ability to mediate the glycerol fermentation to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Quantitative proteomic analysis of enzymes involved in glycerol fermentation demonstrated that the expression levels of six enzymes, including glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM), in commensal are more than three-fold higher than those in USA300. Western blotting validated the low expression levels of GPDH in USA300, MRSA252 (a strain of hospital-acquired MRSA), and invasive methicillin-susceptible (MSSA).