Effect of recommendations of breakfast and late-evening snack habits on body composition and blood pressure: A pilot randomized trial.

Breakfast skipping and late-evening snack are prevalent in young adults. This randomized controlled intervention aimed to evaluate the influence of meal habit recommendations on young adults' body composition and blood pressure. Nonpregnant adults (≥20 y old) who were eligible for bioelectrical impedance analysis examination (neither pacemaker installed nor medications that would affect body composition, like diuretics or corticosteroids) were enrolled after they provided informed consent ( = 125).

Mean residual life cure models for right-censored data with and without length-biased sampling.

We propose a semiparametric mean residual life mixture cure model for right-censored survival data with a cured fraction. The model employs the proportional mean residual life model to describe the effects of covariates on the mean residual time of uncured subjects and the logistic regression model to describe the effects of covariates on the cure rate. We develop estimating equations to estimate the proposed cure model for the right-censored data with and without length-biased sampling, the latter is often found in prevalent cohort studies.

Maximum likelihood estimation for length-biased and interval-censored data with a nonsusceptible fraction.

Left-truncated data are often encountered in epidemiological cohort studies, where individuals are recruited according to a certain cross-sectional sampling criterion. Length-biased data, a special case of left-truncated data, assume that the incidence of the initial event follows a homogeneous Poisson process. In this article, we consider an analysis of length-biased and interval-censored data with a nonsusceptible fraction.

Household structure and concurrent stunting and overweight among young children in Indonesia.

Objective: To examine the association of household type and household composition with concurrent stunting and overweight in young children from urban and rural Indonesia.

Design: This study is a secondary data analysis using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Household structure was analysed as household type, household size, number of working adults, number of dependent adults and children, and household head's gender.

Adolescents' Physical Activity and the Association With Perceived Social Support of Parents and Peers in Indonesia.

This study examined the trends of adolescents' physical activity (PA) and its association with parental and peer support, based on the Indonesia Global School-Based Health Survey. Between 2007 and 2015, prevalence of PA in adolescents declined from 24.4% to 16.

Dietary knowledge, preferences and behaviors in Ramadan among Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To explore the association between dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices during Ramadan among Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Recruited after Ramadan from public clinics and a hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 401 outpatients recalled their food consumption frequencies of high-fiber food, deep-fried food, and high-sugar dessert, and relevant knowledge and attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the research questions.

NASA Mission X Program for Healthy Eating and Active Living among Taiwanese Elementary School Students.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of an intervention program adapted from the NASA Mission X (MX) program on children's Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) knowledge and behaviors and anthropometry.

Methods: This clustered randomized control trial recruited 8 elementary schools in remote rural areas of Northern Taiwan. The intervention was the 8-week MX program.

Hepatic extravasation complicated by umbilical venous catheterization in neonates: A 5-year, single-center experience.

Background: Care of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit generally involves umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) for central vein access to enable medical needs. The study aimed to evaluate the sonographic appearance, risk factors, and outcomes of UVC-related hepatic extravasation (HE) in neonates.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective study where 33 neonates were enrolled with a diagnosis age ranging from 2 to 25 days.

Age, period and birth cohort effects on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Taiwanese adolescents: a national population-based study.

Background: The age-period-cohort effects on youth overweight and obesity among junior and senior high school students in Taiwan is not clear.

Methods: We utilized the 2006-14 nationally representative School Physical Fitness Dataset. Based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-off criteria, a log-linear age-period-cohort analysis was performed to determine the influence of age, period and cohort on the trend in being overweight, obese and severely obese for both sexes.

Secular trends and associated factors of age at natural menopause in Taiwanese women.

Objective: Age at natural menopause (ANM) is considered an indicator for chronic disease and mortality risk in later life. Research suggests that ANM appears to vary across geographic regions and ethnicities. The aim of this study was to explore the secular trends and factors associated with ANM in Taiwanese women.

Gender differences and burden of chronic conditions: impact on quality of life among the elderly in Taiwan.

Background: Multiple chronic conditions affect people's health-related quality of life (QoL) and the distributions of the conditions may differ between genders. Our goal was to examine gender differences in chronic conditions and QoL among community-living elderly in Taiwan and to examine whether differences in QoL between genders, if present, were attributable to the distribution of chronic conditions.

Methods: We used data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT, 2005-2008), which interviewed a representative sample of the Taiwanese population.

Hygiene practices: Are they protective factors for eczema symptoms?

Introduction: Exact etiology and proper treatment of eczema are still unknown. The hygiene hypothesis and epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis attempted to give some plausible explanations for these issues but they still remain unclear. The identification of factors, including hygiene practices, related to eczema symptoms (ES) could shed some light on these matters.

Employment status and temporal patterns of energy intake: Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2005-2008.

Objective: To (i) identify the major temporal patterns of energy intake among adults; (ii) examine the association between employment status and the patterns; and (iii) examine the association between dietary quality and the patterns.

Design: Secondary analysis based on the cross-sectional population-based nutrition survey in Taiwan, 2005-2008. Based on energy intake levels at six time intervals of a day derived from 24 h recall data, we applied cluster analysis to identify major temporal patterns of energy intake.

Association between obesity with low muscle mass and dialysis mortality.

Background/aim: To examine the association between body composition and dialysis mortality.

Methods: Adult patients who underwent haemodialysis in Taoyuan General Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were enrolled. We reviewed their baseline characteristics and followed up their treatment over 5 years after dialysis.

Relationship between frequency of eating and cardiovascular disease mortality in U.S. adults: the NHANES III follow-up study.

Purpose: This study examined longitudinal relationship between baseline daily eating frequency and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among U.S. adults.

Is the 90th Percentile Adequate? The Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Points for Predicting Cardiovascular Risks in 124,643 15-Year-Old Taiwanese Adolescents.

Adolescent obesity has increased to alarming proportions globally. However, few studies have investigated the optimal waist circumference (WC) of Asian adolescents. This study sought to establish the optimal WC cutoff points that identify a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among 15-year-old ethnically Chinese adolescents.

Stunting and weight statuses of adolescents differ between public and private schools in urban Gambia.

Objectives: This study assessed the disparity in nutritional status of adolescents between public and private schools in urban Gambia.

Methods: This is a school-based cross-sectional study in six private and six public upper basic schools in urban Gambia. This study recruited 491 students from public and 469 students from private schools (13-15 years of age).

Measurements and profiles of body weight misperceptions among Taiwanese teenagers: a national survey.

Children and adolescents tend to lose weight, which may be associated with misperceptions of weight. Previous studies have emphasized establishing correlations between eating disorders and an overestimated perception of body weight, but few studies have focused on an underestimated perception of body weight. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between misperceptions of body weight and weight-related risk factors, such as eating disorders, inactivity, and unhealthy behaviors, among overweight children who underestimated their body weight.

Changes in the Neighborhood Food Store Environment and Children's Body Mass Index at Peripuberty in the United States.

Purpose: Little is known about the relationship between changes in food store environment and children's obesity risk in the United States. This study examines children's weight status associated with the changes in the quantity of food stores in their neighborhoods.

Methods: A nationally representative cohort of schoolchildren in the United States was followed from fifth grade in 2004 to eighth grade in 2007 (n = 7,090).

Excessive adiposity, metabolic health, and risks for genital human papillomavirus infection in adult women: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: The role of excessive adiposity or its metabolic consequences in persistent HPV infection among general adult women remains unknown.

Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2010, we compared adult women's likelihood for any- or high-risk (HR) type HPV infection by degrees of excessive adiposity and metabolic health status.

Results: Any-type (41.

Patient-health care professional gender or race/ethnicity concordance and its association with weight-related advice in the United States.

Objective: Examine association between adult patients' and health care providers' (HCPs) gender or race/ethnicity concordance and patients' reported receiving weight-related advice from HCP's in USA.

Methods: Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2004-2007 data, studied prevalence of weight-related advice (on exercise and diet) given to patients and its association with patients/HCPs concordance in gender (n=9,686) and race/ethnicity (n=8,825).

Results: Overall, 46% of patients received HCP advice on diet and 49% on exercise.

Socioeconomic and demographic factors for spousal resemblance in obesity status and habitual physical activity in the United States.

Studies suggested that the married population has an increased risk of obesity and assimilation between spouses' body weight. We examined what factors may affect married spouses' resemblance in weight status and habitual physical activity (HPA) and the association of obesity/HPA with spouses' sociodemoeconomic characteristics and lifestyles. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data of 11,403 adult married couples in the US during years 2006-2008 were used.

Examining social norm impacts on obesity and eating behaviors among US school children based on agent-based model.

Background: Although the importance of social norms in affecting health behaviors is widely recognized, the current understanding of the social norm effects on obesity is limited due to data and methodology limitations. This study aims to use nontraditional innovative systems methods to examine: a) the effects of social norms on school children's BMI growth and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, and b) the effects of misperceptions of social norms on US children's BMI growth.

Methods: We built an agent-based model (ABM) in a utility maximization framework and parameterized the model based on empirical longitudinal data collected in a US nationally representative study, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), to test potential mechanisms of social norm affecting children's BMI growth and FV consumption.