Influence of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Effectiveness of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.

Objective: To assess the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation on the effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in the Look AHEAD trial.

Research Design And Methods: Look AHEAD randomized adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes to ILI for weight loss, or Diabetes Support and Education (DSE). We linked participant data from four study sites to the 2000 United States Census to generate a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation score.

Evaluation of a Diabetes Screening Clinical Decision Support Tool.

Introduction: The authors evaluated whether an electronic health record clinical decision support system improves diabetes screening across a health system.

Methods: Study population included adults without diabetes attending a visit at 27 primary care clinics. Outcomes included the monthly screening laboratory order rate and completion rate among eligible patient visits.

Correction: Behavioral Weight Loss Programs for Cancer Survivors Throughout Maryland: Protocol for a Pragmatic Trial and Participant Characteristics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/54126.].

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).

Objective: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19; our objective was to evaluate whether this association is consistent across time and with contemporary viral variants.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data to evaluate incident diabetes risk among COVID-positive adults compared with COVID-negative patients or control patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI).

Equitable Care for Hypertension: Blood Pressure and Patient-Reported Outcomes of the RICH LIFE Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Disparities in hypertension control are well documented but underaddressed.

Methods: RICH LIFE (Reducing Inequities in Care of Hypertension: Lifestyle Improvement for Everyone) was a 2-arm, cluster randomized trial comparing the effect on blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP ≤140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≤90 mm Hg), patient activation, and disparities in BP control of 2 multilevel interventions, standard of care plus (SCP) and collaborative care/stepped care (CC/SC). SCP included BP measurement standardization, audit and feedback, and equity-leadership training.

Bariatric surgery and COVID-19 outcomes: results from the PaTH to Health: Diabetes study.

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. Bariatric surgery (BSG) is an effective treatment of obesity through weight loss and may reduce COVID-19 severity.

Objectives: We examined the effect of BSG on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with or at risk of T2DM.

A Pandemic of Misinformation: Understanding Influences on Beliefs in Health and Conspiracy Myths.

Background: Personal characteristics may be associated with believing misinformation and not believing in best practices to protect oneself from COVID-19.

Objective: To examine the associations of a person's age, race/ethnicity, education, residence, health literacy, medical mistrust level, and sources of health-related information with their COVID-19 health and conspiracy myth beliefs.

Design: We surveyed adults with hypertension in Maryland and Pennsylvania between August 2020 and March 2021.

Behavioral Weight Loss Programs for Cancer Survivors Throughout Maryland: Protocol for a Pragmatic Trial and Participant Characteristics.

Background: Clinical trials examining lifestyle interventions for weight loss in cancer survivors have been demonstrated to be safe, feasible, and effective. However, scalable weight loss programs are needed to support their widespread implementation. The ASPIRE trial was designed to evaluate real-world, lifestyle-based, weight loss programs for cancer survivors throughout Maryland.

Association of Lifestyle Intervention With Risk for Cardiovascular Events Differs by Level of Glycated Hemoglobin.

Purpose: We reevaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to assess whether the effect of ILI on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention differed by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Methods: Look AHEAD randomized 5145 adults, aged 45 to 76 years with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity to ILI or a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group for a median of 9.6 years.

Will the Doctor "See" You Now? The Development and Implementation of a Targeted Telemedicine System for Primary Care.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a rapid adoption of telehealth. For underserved populations lacking internet access, telemedicine was accomplished by phone rather than an audio-video connection. The latter is presumed a more effective form and better approximation of an in-person visit.

Weighing cessation: Rising adiposity of current smokers in NHANES.

Background: Rising rates of obesity may have interacting effects with smoking given associated cardiovascular risks and cessation-associated weight gain. This study aimed to assess the change in body mass index (BMI) magnitude and prevalence of obesity and central adiposity over time among current smokers and to compare with that of former and never smokers to describe how the obesity and tobacco epidemics interrelate.

Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1976-2018, survey-weighted, internally standardized analyses were used to look at outcomes of BMI, BMI category, and central adiposity by smoking status.

Associations between the use of a real-time benefit tool and measures related to prescription obtainment found in order type subgroups.

Background: The use of real-time benefit tool (RTBT) may help increase transparency of patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, thereby reducing patients' OOP spend and increasing prescription obtainment.

Objective: We have previously reported on the potential benefit of RTBT in electronic health records at a large health system. We explore the benefit of RTBT by subgroups of prescriptions (i.

Does COVID-19 Infection Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Current Evidence.

Purpose Of Review: Multiple studies report an increased incidence of diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the potential increased global burden of diabetes, understanding the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in the epidemiology of diabetes is important. Our aim was to review the evidence pertaining to the risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19 infection.

Are fewer cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A population-level view in the EHR-based RECOVER program.

Long-term sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may include increased incidence of diabetes. Here we describe the temporal relationship between new type 2 diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide database. We found that while the proportion of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes increased during the acute period of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mean proportion of new diabetes cases in the 6 months post-infection was about 83% lower than the 6 months preinfection.

Intensive behavioral Therapy for weight loss in patients with, or At-Risk of, type 2 Diabetes: Results from the PaTH to health diabetes study.

Intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) is an important component of obesity treatment and can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective was to compare the effectiveness of IBT to usual care in achieving weight loss in two study cohorts within PaTH Network: T2DM and At-Risk of T2DM. The TD2M cohort was defined as age 18 years and older with an indication of T2DM in the EHR based on a validated algorithm and at least 2 outpatient primary care visits.

Are fewer cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Long-term sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may include an increased incidence of diabetes. Our objective was to describe the temporal relationship between new diagnoses of diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationally representative database. There appears to be a sharp increase in diabetes diagnoses in the 30 days surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by a decrease in new diagnoses in the post-acute period, up to 360 days after infection.

Increases in Circulating and Fecal Butyrate are Associated With Reduced Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Results From the SPIRIT Trial.

Background Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbially derived end products of dietary fiber fermentation. The SCFA butyrate reduces blood pressure (BP) in mouse models. The association of SCFAs, including butyrate, with BP in humans is unclear, due in part to predominantly cross-sectional analyses and different biospecimens (blood versus fecal) for SCFA measurement.

Hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19 with or at risk of type 2 diabetes: data from five health systems in Pennsylvania and Maryland.

Objective: To identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes across a 12-month period in 2020 and 2021.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from five academic health systems in Pennsylvania and Maryland, including patients with COVID-19 with type 2 diabetes or at risk of type 2 diabetes. Patients were classified based on 30-day outcomes: (1) no hospitalization; (2) hospitalization only; or (3) a composite measure including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), intubation, or death.

Use of Health Information Technology by Adults With Diabetes in the United States: Cross-sectional Analysis of National Health Interview Survey Data (2016-2018).

Background: The use of health information technology (HIT) has been proposed to improve disease management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study aims to report the prevalence of HIT use in adults with diabetes in the United States and examine the factors associated with HIT use.

Methods: We analyzed data from 7999 adults who self-reported a diabetes diagnosis as collected by the National Health Interview Survey (2016-2018).

A behavioral weight-loss intervention, but not metformin, decreases a marker of gut barrier permeability: results from the SPIRIT randomized trial.

Background/objectives: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a biomarker of gut barrier permeability to lipopolysaccharides, is higher in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Behavioral weight loss and metformin have distinct effects on the gut microbiome, but their impact on gut permeability to lipopolysaccharides is unknown. This study's objective was to determine the effects of a behavioral weight-loss intervention or metformin treatment on plasma LBP.

Hospital utilization for hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes using pooled data from six health systems.

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is the most common serious adverse effect of diabetes treatment and a major cause of medication-related hospitalization. This study aimed to identify trends and predictors of hospital utilization for hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes using electronic health record data pooled from six academic health systems.

Research Design And Methods: This retrospective open cohort study included 549 041 adults with type 2 diabetes receiving regular care from the included health systems between 2009 and 2019.