Oogenesis of Hematophagous Midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and Nuage Localization of Vasa in Germline Cells.

is an irritating hematophagous midge that preferentially attacks humans and affects leisure industries in Taiwan. Understanding the female reproductive biology of such pests would facilitate the development of pest control strategies. However, knowledge about oogenesis in the genus is unavailable.

Functional dissection of the XpsN (GspC) protein of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris type II secretion machinery.

Type II secretion machinery is composed of 12 to 15 proteins for translocating extracellular proteins across the outer membrane. XpsL, XpsM, and XpsN are components of such machinery in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.