Timing of treatment interruption among latently infected tuberculosis cases treated with a nine-month course of daily isoniazid: findings from a time to event analysis.

Background: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk groups is an effective strategy for TB control and elimination in low incidence settings. A nine-month course of daily isoniazid (INH) has been the longest prescribed therapy; however, completion rates are suboptimal. We need data to guide TB program outreach efforts to optimize LTBI treatment completion rates.

The endoderm indirectly influences morphogenetic movements of the zebrafish head kidney through the posterior cardinal vein and VegfC.

Integration of blood vessels and organ primordia determines organ shape and function. The head kidney in the zebrafish interacts with the dorsal aorta (DA) and the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) to achieve glomerular filtration and definitive hematopoiesis, respectively. How the head kidney co-develops with both the axial artery and vein remains unclear.

Arterial and venous vessels are required for modulating developmental relocalization and laterality of the interrenal tissue in zebrafish.

During zebrafish embryogenesis, the endothelium signals to emergent bilateral interrenal primordia to converge toward the midline, yet the merged interrenal tissue has been found to be situated lateral to the midline. We show in this study that bilateral interrenal tissue clusters fused at the central midline, before relocating laterally to be juxtaposed between the dorsal aorta and the posterior cardinal vein. In ets1b morphants where the midtrunk vasculature failed to assemble, various degrees of interrenal fusion defects were displayed, and the interrenal laterality was lost.