Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis: Bidirectional Association in Population-based 15-year Retrospective Cohorts.

Objective: A two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes has been proposed. However, bidirectional epidemiological observation is limited and inconsistent.

Objective: Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan (covering over 99% of the entire population), we aimed to estimate the development of diabetes in periodontitis patients or that of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside downregulates ligation-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and alleviates induced periodontal destruction in rats.

Objective: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a dietary anthocyanin, possesses various biological properties, including alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study examined the effect of C3G on periodontitis via ER stress in rats.

Design: Periodontitis was induced by placing silk sutures around maxillary second molars.

Is periodontitis a risk factor of benign or malignant colorectal tumor? A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the risk of developing benign or malignant colorectal tumors in patients with periodontitis within 15 years using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database.

Background: Studies have shown that colorectal carcinoma often develops under inflammatory conditions and changes of microbiota in the gut. Recently, a link between Fusobacterium nucleatum, a periodontal pathogen, and colorectal carcinoma has been proposed.

Antioxidants protect against gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine A.

Objective: We investigated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on developing gingival overgrowth (GO) and then introduced the antioxidant strategy to prevent, or even reduce GO.

Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of the patients receiving cyclosporine A (CsA), an immune suppressant. Although it has been broadly investigated, the exact pathogenesis of the induced GO is still uncertain.

Effectiveness of an oral function intervention for older Taiwanese people.

Objective: Oral function disorders occur often in older people with increasing age. Oral function disorders affect bodily function and self-esteem, which are related to quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral function intervention programme on the oral function of older Taiwanese people.

Immediate hyperbaric oxygen after tooth extraction ameliorates bisphosphonate-related osteonecrotic lesion in rats.

Background: This study aims to assess whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) applied immediately after tooth extraction could ameliorate medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats.

Methods: To evaluate whether osteonecrosis could be successfully induced, healing of extraction maxillary molars was examined in 40 female Sprague Dawley rats received zoledronic acid (7.5 µg/kg) plus dexamethasone (1 mg/kg).

Ameliorative effect of hesperidin on ligation-induced periodontitis in rats.

Background: This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of hesperidin (HES), an anti-inflammatory flavanone, in rats with ligation (Lig)-induced periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into non-ligation group (NL), Lig group, and two ligation-plus-HES groups (L+H). HES was administered immediately after ligature placement at a dose of 75 or 150 mg/kg by intragastric feeding.

Comparison of oral malodors before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients.

Background/purpose: Periodontal diseases have been considered as a source of oral malodor or halitosis. Improvement of oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients has recently been observed after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in combination with tongue cleaning and/or chlorhexidine mouth rinsing. The present study, however, evaluated the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone on the oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients by comparing the intraoral concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) before and after nonsurgical therapy.

Crosstalk Between Human Monocytic U937 Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts in Coculturally Enhanced Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in inflammatory periodontal disease. Synergistically enhanced MMP-2 expression in a coculture of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human monocytic U937 cells was observed. Crosstalk between these two cells via the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) was demonstrated.

Bifid mandibular canals and their cortex thicknesses: A comparison study on images obtained from cone-beam and multislice computed tomography.

Background/purpose: High prevalence of bifid mandibular canals has been visualized with various types of computerized tomography (CT). Along the canals, a various ranged corticalization was recently reported. The depiction of the fine anatomic structures on multislice and cone-beam CT images was compared.

Effects of ethanolic extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced dental alveolar bone resorption in rats.

Background/purpose: (SM) Bunge (Labiatae/Lamiaceae; common name danshen) is a Chinese medicine that improves blood circulation and inhibits inflammatory response. Thus, it is used for the treatment of cardiac diseases and inflammation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of SM (SME) on the dental alveolar bone resorption induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.

Association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis by gender: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Periodontitis and osteoporosis are primary concerns in public health and clinical management. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis by gender.Data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan.

Role of Shh and TGF in cyclosporine-enhanced expression of collagen and α-SMA by gingival fibroblast.

Objective: Cyclosporine-A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth may arise from an alteration in stoma matrix homeostasis. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a key role during embryogenic development and fibrotic progression, and may be involved in CsA-altered gingival matrix homeostasis.

Methods: Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, we investigated the mRNA and protein expressions of Shh, type 1 collagen (COL1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in human gingival fibroblasts after CsA treatments.

Cyclosporine A enhances gingival β-catenin stability via Wnt signaling.

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) increases β-catenin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression. The present study demonstrates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits β-catenin degradation in the gingiva.

Methods: Forty 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two study groups after healing from right maxillary molar extractions.

Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in cyclosporine-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelium.

Background: It has been proposed that cyclosporin A (CsA) may induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gingiva. The aims of the present study are to confirm the notion that EMT occurs in human gingival epithelial (hGE) cells after CsA treatment and to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) on this CsA-induced EMT.

Methods: The effects of CsA, with and without TGF-β1 inhibitor, on the morphologic changes of primary culture of hGE cells were examined in vitro.

Gelatinases and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer are associated with cyclosporin-A-induced attenuation of periodontal degradation in rats.

Background: The present study aims to examine the inhibitory effect of cyclosporin-A (CsA) on periodontal breakdown and to further explore the correlations of CsA-induced attenuation of periodontal bone loss with the expressions of gelatinases (i.e., matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and MMP-9) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN).

Effects of enamel matrix derivative on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells.

Introduction: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have recently been harvested and applied for rebuilding lost periodontal tissue. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used for periodontal regeneration and the formation of new cementum with inserting collagen fibers; however, alveolar bone formation is minimal. Recently, EMD has been shown to enhance the proliferation and mineralization of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Effect of paeonol on tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis of rats.

We evaluated the effects of paeonol, a phenolic compound of Moutan Cortex, on the tissue inflammation and destruction in experimental periodontitis of rats. The maxillary palatal bony surfaces of 18 rats received injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/mL), PBS or LPS-plus-paeonol (40 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal injection) for three days. Five days later, the osteoclasts were examined and compared after tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.

Berberine's effect on periodontal tissue degradation by matrix metalloproteinases: an in vitro and in vivo experiment.

Periodontal disease involves tissue destruction caused by interactions among bacterial antigens and inflammatory mediators including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from medicinal herbs, can inhibit the degradative action of extracellular MMPs. The effect of berberine on the periodontal expression of MMPs was examined in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on periodontal wound healing/regeneration in supraalveolar periodontal defects in dogs.

Objective: Application of a synthetic BMP-6 polypeptide in a rat periodontal fenestration defect model enhanced periodontal wound healing/regeneration including new bone and cementum formation. The purpose of this study was to translate the relevance of these initial observations into a discriminating large animal model.

Methods: Critical-size (4-5 mm) supraalveolar periodontal defects were created at the 2(nd) and 3(rd) mandibular premolar teeth in 11 Beagle dogs.

Can chlorhexidine mouthwash twice daily ameliorate cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth?

Background/purpose: Gingival overgrowth can be induced in patients treated with cyclosporine-A (CsA), an immunosuppressant often used following organ transplantation. A pre-existing rat model designed to mimic CsA-induced gingival overgrowth in humans was used to test the effectiveness of frequent application of a chlorhexidine antiplaque solution in reducing the overgrowth.

Methods: Four groups of rats were fed CsA.

Bifid mandibular canals and the factors associated with their presence: a medical computed tomography evaluation in a Taiwanese population.

Objectives: To examine distribution of bifid mandibular canals in a Taiwanese population and to evaluate factors contributing to the phenomenon.

Material And Methods: Computed tomographic images from 173 subjects (97 females and 76 males) were obtained using a 64-slice multidetector computerized tomography system, and the presence of bifid mandibular canals, as well as their widths and lengths, was examined. Association of length of bifid canals with possible contributing factors, including gender, age, and side of presentation, as well as size of cross-sectional bony area of mandible along the long axis of mandibular canal, was evaluated.

Prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa in the Taiwanese population and relationship to the absence of molars.

Objectives: Understanding the septum structure of the sinus is necessary for correct implant placement in the maxilla if sinus encroachment is required. The exact mechanism that controls septum development is unclear, although a role for the irregular pneumatization of the sinus floor following tooth loss has been suggested. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and location of sinus septa in the Taiwanese population and to determine whether there is a relationship between the presence of septa and the absence of molars.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in gingiva after cyclosporin A treatment.

Background: Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a stress-inducible protein that confers cytoprotection, but its role in gingiva during cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy is unknown. We used in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the expression of mRNA and protein for HO-1 in gingiva upon CsA treatment.

Methods: Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups after the establishment of edentulous ridges.

Releasing growth factors from activated human platelets after chitosan stimulation: a possible bio-material for platelet-rich plasma preparation.

Introduction: Thrombin is commonly used for activating the platelets and releasing the growth factors on the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We have previously reported that chitosan can enhance rabbit platelet aggregation. In this study, the effects of chitosan on the subsequent growth factors release after human platelets activation were examined to evaluate the possibility of chitosan being used as a substitute for thrombin during PRP preparation.