GDNF increases cell motility in human colon cancer through VEGF-VEGFR1 interaction.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor, has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GDNF-induced colon cancer cell migration remain unclear. GDNF is found to be positively correlated with malignancy in human colon cancer patients.

Addition of bupivacaine 1.25 mg to fentanyl confers no advantage over fentanyl alone for intrathecal analgesia in early labour.

Purpose: a) To evaluate the effect of adding 1.25 mg of bupivacaine to intrathecal fentanyl on the duration of analgesia in an Asian population and b) to examine if the baricity of the local anesthetic at this dose has any bearing on the duration and quality of block.

Methods: Forty-eight parturients in early labour received combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia to evaluate a) the effect of adding 1.