New ketamine analogue: 2-fluorodeschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine and its suggested metabolites.

Identifying new psychoactive substances (NPSs) and their metabolites is essential for regulating such substances for purposes of law enforcement and forensics. NPSs can be regulated on the basis of their chemical structures before they become a critical threat to society. Further, NPS metabolites can be targeted for analysis in urine, blood, and hair.

Retinal ganglion cell distribution and visual acuity in alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

Objective: To investigate the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual acuity in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) through Brn-3a immunofluorescent labeling.

Procedures: Five eyes from four healthy alpacas with normal ophthalmic examination findings were included in the study. The axial length of the globes was measured before fixation.