Nephrocalcinosis in children who received high-dose vitamin D.

Background: Vitamin D supplements are readily available as over-the-counter preparations. However, although rare, cases of vitamin D overdose still occur and are associated with nephrocalcinosis and life-threatening hypercalcemia. Errors in manufacturing of nutritional supplements may be a cause of vitamin D intoxication in children.

Segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney in children: clinical presentation, imaging finding, management, and outcome.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the presentation, imaging findings, management, and outcome of segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in children.

Materials And Methods: Six patients with segmental MCDK were diagnosed and observed at our hospital. We reviewed the medical records to collect data on initial symptoms, results of imaging studies, associated urinary tract anomalies, operation, and outcome.

Kimura disease in a patient with renal allograft failure secondary to chronic rejection.

Recent studies suggest that CD4(+ )T helper 2 (Th2) cell proliferation and overexpression of Th2 cytokines may play an important role in the development of Kimura disease. Chronic rejection of a renal allograft by the indirect allo recognition pathway is also induced by Th2 cytokines. We report a 12-year-old boy who had presented with nephrotic syndrome 10 years previously.