Changes in Provider Perceptions and Practices Regarding Dosing Units for Oral Liquid Medications.

Objective: A 2015 survey of primary care providers (PCPs) found that while many believed that milliliter (mL)-only dosing was safest for oral liquid medications, few would use mL alone in dosing instructions. Since 2015, many recommendations have promoted "mL-only" dosing. In 2019, a follow-up survey was conducted to assess if PCP perceptions and practices have changed.

Prenatal Risks to Healthy Food Access and High Birthweight Outcomes.

Objective: Infants with high birthweight have increased risk for adverse outcomes at birth and across childhood. Prenatal risks to healthy food access may increase odds of high birthweight. We tested whether having a poor neighborhood food environment and/or food insecurity had associations with high birthweight.

Addressing Health Literacy in Pediatric Practice: A Health Equity Lens.

Low health literacy has been linked to worse child health-related knowledge, behaviors, and outcomes across multiple health domains. As low health literacy is highly prevalent and an important mediator of income- and race/ethnicity-associated disparities, provider adoption of health literacy best practices advances health equity. A multidisciplinary effort involving all providers engaged in communication with families should include a universal precautions approach, with clear communication strategies employed with all patients, and advocacy for health system change.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Social Support and Relationship to Mother-Infant Health Behaviors.

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic differences in maternal social support in infancy and the relationship between social support and mother-infant health behaviors.

Methods: Secondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite obesity prevention trial that enrolled mothers and their 2-month-old infants. Behavioral and social support data were collected via questionnaire.

The Impact of a Flipped Classroom on the Creativity of Students in a Cake Decorating Art Club.

This study explored the effect of learning strategies in a student organization on cake art creativity. The participants were 27 student members of a cake decorating art club from one central university in Taiwan. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was adopted, with 90 h of experimental teaching over 16 weeks.

Effects of Breastfeeding, Formula Feeding, and Complementary Feeding on Rapid Weight Gain in the First Year of Life.

Objective: To determine whether proportion of breast versus formula feeding and timing of complementary food introduction affect the odds of rapid gain in weight status in a diverse sample of infants.

Methods: Using data from Greenlight Intervention Study, we analyzed the effects of type of milk feeding (breastfeeding, formula, or mixed feeding) from the 2- to 6-month well visits, and the introduction of complementary foods before 4 months on rapid increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) before 12 months using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Of the 865 infants enrolled, 469 had complete data on all variables of interest, and 41% and 33% of those infants had rapid increases in WAZ and WLZ, respectively.

Health Literacy in the Inpatient Setting: Implications for Patient Care and Patient Safety.

Health literacy plays a role in the events leading up to children's hospitalizations, during hospital admission, and after discharge. Hospitals and providers should use a universal precautions approach and routinely incorporate health-literacy-informed strategies in communicating with all patients and families to ensure that they can understand health information, follow medical instructions, participate actively in their own/their child's care, and successfully navigate the health care system. Interventions that incorporate health-literacy-informed strategies and that target patients/families and health care systems should be implemented to improve patient outcomes and patient-centered and family-centered care.

Use of a low-literacy written action plan to improve parent understanding of pediatric asthma management: A randomized controlled study.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine whether parents who use a low-literacy, pictogram- and photograph-based written asthma action plan (WAAP) have a better understanding of child asthma management compared to parents using a standard plan.

Methods: A randomized controlled study was carried out in 2 urban pediatric outpatient clinics. Inclusion criteria were English- and Spanish-speaking parents of 2- to 12-year-old asthmatic children.

Seven practical principles for improving patient education: Evidence-based ideas from cognition science.

An important role of the paediatrician is that of a teacher - every clinician is an educator to patients and their families. This education, however, often occurs under difficult or time-pressured learning conditions. The authors present principles derived from three basic theories of human cognition that may help to guide clinicians' instruction of parents and patients.

Maternal literacy and associations between education and the cognitive home environment in low-income families.

Objective: To determine whether maternal literacy level accounts for associations between educational level and the cognitive home environment in low-income families.

Design: Analysis of 369 mother-infant dyads participating in a long-term study related to early child development.

Setting: Urban public hospital.

Mothers' expectations for shared reading after delivery: implications for reading activities at 6 months.

Objective: To determine whether mothers with plans related to shared reading and baby books in the home at the time of delivery of their newborns would be more likely to engage in shared reading behaviors at age 6 months.

Methods: This was a cohort study with enrollment after birth and follow-up at 6 months in an urban public hospital. Predictors included mothers' attitudes and resources related to shared reading during the postpartum period.

Bispectral index as a guide for titration of propofol during procedural sedation among children.

Objective: To determine whether the bispectral index (BIS) monitor could be used to guide physicians in titrating propofol to an effective safe level of deep sedation for children undergoing painful medical procedures.

Design: Multiphase clinical trial.

Setting: Outpatient treatment center of a university children's hospital.