Long-term follow-up of breast-conserving therapy in patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer. Currently, multimodality treatment is recommended, but the optimal surgical management has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the long-term outcomes of using breast-conserving therapy in patients with IBC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Next-generation sequencing reveals a Novel NSCLC ALK F1174V mutation and confirms ALK G1202R mutation confers high-level resistance to alectinib (CH5424802/RO5424802) in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients who progressed on crizotinib.

Acquired secondary mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene have been identified in ALK-rearranged (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who developed disease progression while on crizotinib treatment. Here, we identified a novel secondary acquired NSCLC ALK F1174V mutation by comprehensive next-generation sequencing in one ALK+ NSCLC patient who progressed on crizotinib after a prolonged partial response to crizotinib. In a second case, we identified a secondary acquired ALK G1202R, which also confers resistance to alectinib (CH5424802/RO5424802), a second-generation ALK inhibitor that can inhibit ALK gatekeeper L1196M mutation in vitro.

Impact of factors affecting the residual tumor size diagnosed by MRI following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in comparison to pathology.

Background And Objectives: To investigate accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring residual tumor size in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: Ninety-eight patients were studied. Several MRI were performed during NAC for response monitoring, and the residual tumor size was measured on last MRI after completing NAC.

Baseline tumor oxygen saturation correlates with a pathologic complete response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (i.e., oxygenation) is a functional imaging endpoint that can reveal variations in tissue hypoxia, which may be predictive of pathologic response in subjects undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for assessing tumor response in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with molecular biomarker profile.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hormone receptor (HR) and Ki-67 proliferation markers in predicting the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring residual tumor size in patients with HER2-negative (HER2(-)) breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Patients And Methods: Fifty-four women were studied. Patients received AC (doxorubicin (Adriamycin)/cyclophosphamide) and/or taxane-based regimens.

Effects of motion on optical properties in the spatial frequency domain.

Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a noncontact and wide-field optical imaging technology currently being used to study the optical properties and chromophore concentrations of in vivo skin including skin lesions of various types. Part of the challenge of developing a clinically deployable SFDI system is related to the development of effective motion compensation strategies, which in turn, is critical for recording high fidelity optical properties. Here we present a two-part strategy for SFDI motion correction.

Preparation of highly pure zeaxanthin particles from sea water-cultivated microalgae using supercritical anti-solvent recrystallization.

Xanthophylls, including zeaxanthin, are considered dietary supplements with a potentially positive impact on age-related macular degeneration. Using pilot-scale column fractionation coupled with supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) recrystallization, highly pure zeaxanthin particulates were prepared from ultrasonic extracts of the microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata, grown in sea water. Column partition chromatography increased the concentration of zeaxanthin from 36.

Comparison of breast density measured on MR images acquired using fat-suppressed versus nonfat-suppressed sequences.

Purpose: To investigate the difference of MR percent breast density measured from fat-suppressed versus nonfat-suppressed imaging sequences.

Methods: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without fat suppression was acquired from 38 subjects. Breasts were divided into subgroups of different morphological patterns ("central" and "intermingled" types).

Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging correlates with final pathological response in breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) non-invasively and quantitatively measures tissue haemoglobin, water and lipid. Pilot studies in small groups of patients demonstrate that DOSI may be useful for longitudinal monitoring and predicting breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy pathological response. This study evaluates the performance of a bedside DOSI platform in 34 breast cancer patients followed for several months.

Breast cancer: evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 3.0-T MR imaging.

Purpose: To assess how the molecular biomarker status of a breast cancer, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), hormone receptors, and the proliferation marker Ki-67 status, affects the diagnosis at 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant.

Optical imaging of breast cancer oxyhemoglobin flare correlates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response one day after starting treatment.

Approximately 8-20% of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy fail to achieve a measurable response and endure toxic side effects without benefit. Most clinical and imaging measures of response are obtained several weeks after the start of therapy. Here, we report that functional hemodynamic and metabolic information acquired using a noninvasive optical imaging method on the first day after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment can discriminate nonresponding from responding patients.

Frequent optical imaging during breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy reveals dynamic tumor physiology in an individual patient.

Rationale And Objectives: Imaging tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in vivo offers unique opportunities for patient care and clinical decision-making. Detailed imaging studies may allow oncologists to optimize therapeutic drug type and dose based on individual patient response. Most radiologic methods are used sparingly because of cost; thus, important functional information about tumor response dynamics may be missed.

Characterization of metabolic differences between benign and malignant tumors: high-spectral-resolution diffuse optical spectroscopy.

Purpose: To develop a near-infrared spectroscopic method to identify breast cancer biomarkers and to retrospectively determine if benign and malignant breast lesions could be distinguished by using this method.

Materials And Methods: The study was HIPAA compliant and was approved by the university institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained.

Effect of contact force on breast tissue optical property measurements using a broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy handheld probe.

We investigated the effects of operator-applied force on diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) by integrating a force transducer into the handheld probe. Over the typical range of contact forces measured in the breasts of eight patients, absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (650 to 1000 nm) variance was 3.1 +/- 1.

Diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements of healing in breast tissue after core biopsy: case study.

Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) has been used to monitor and predict the effects of neoadjuvant (i.e., presurgical) chemotherapy in breast cancer patients in several pilot studies.

Impact of MRI-evaluated neoadjuvant chemotherapy response on change of surgical recommendation in breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate how MRI imaging of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) tumor response affects the recommendation for optimal breast cancer surgery, both before and after NAC.

Summary Background Data: Understanding how imaging findings are incorporated into surgeons' decision-making processes will help establish appropriate imaging guidelines for recommending breast conservation surgery (BCS) after the NAC.

Methods: Seventy-six breast cancer patients undergoing NAC with MRI follow-up studies were analyzed.

In vivo water state measurements in breast cancer using broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy.

Structural changes in water molecules are related to physiological, anatomical and pathological properties of tissues. Near infrared (NIR) optical absorption methods are sensitive to water; however, detailed characterization of water in thick tissues is difficult to achieve because subtle spectral shifts can be obscured by multiple light scattering. In the NIR, a water absorption peak is observed around 975 nm.

Regional differences in the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: a potential quality measure.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides accurate nodal staging in patients with melanoma. However, its prevalence across geographic regions is unknown. Our aim was to determine if SLNB for melanoma has been widely adopted throughout the United States.

Diffuse optical monitoring of blood flow and oxygenation in human breast cancer during early stages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

We combine diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to noninvasively monitor early hemodynamic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient. The potential for early treatment monitoring is demonstrated. Within the first week of treatment (day 7) DOS revealed significant changes in tumor/normal contrast compared to pretreatment (day 0) tissue concentrations of deoxyhemoglobin (rctHHbT/N=69+/-21%), oxyhemoglobin (rctO2HbT/N=73+/-25%), total hemoglobin (rctTHbT/N=72+/-17%), and lipid concentration (rctLipidT/N=116+/-13%).

Do breast columnar cell lesions with atypia need to be excised?

Columnar cell lesion with atypia (CCLA) is a newly recognized pathologic entity seen in breast specimens. The breast cancer risk associated with this finding is unclear, although CCLA had been found adjacent to both in situ and invasive carcinomas, but the incidence is unknown. Breast specimens from patients with a columnar cell lesion were reviewed by a pathologist for atypia.