Automatic fovea detection and choroid segmentation for choroidal thickness assessment in optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To develop an automated model for subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) detection in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, addressing manual fovea location and choroidal contour challenges.

Methods: Two procedures were proposed: defining the fovea and segmenting the choroid. Fovea localization from B-scan OCT image sequence with three-dimensional reconstruction (LocBscan-3D) predicted fovea location using central foveal depression features, and fovea localization from two-dimensional en-face OCT (LocEN-2D) used a mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model for optic disc detection, and determined the fovea location based on optic disc relative position.

Endoscopic Vitrectomy Combined with 3D Heads-Up Viewing System in Treating Traumatic Ocular Injury.

Purpose: To investigate effects and complications of endoscopic vitrectomy combined with 3D heads-up viewing system in treating traumatic ocular injury. . This is a retrospective interventional case series in a tertiary referral center in Taiwan, and we included patients of traumatic ocular injury, and they underwent endoscopic vitrectomy combined with a 3D heads-up viewing system.

Breaking Conventional Eating Habits: Perception and Acceptance of 3D-Printed Food among Taiwanese University Students.

Considering the prevalent strain on environmental resources imparted by existing food systems, prioritizing environmental sustainability is an imperative course of action. Subsequently, the shift towards sustainable production and consumption patterns engenders an escalating demand for environmentally conscious food systems. Thus, 3D-printed food technology surfaces are a promising solution noted for their efficacy in curtailing food waste, bolstering environmental sustainability, and imparting innovative strategies to the food supply chain.

Correlation of choroidal thickness with age in healthy subjects: automatic detection and segmentation using a deep learning model.

Propose: The proposed deep learning model with a mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) can predict choroidal thickness automatically. Changes in choroidal thickness with age can be detected with manual measurements. In this study, we aimed to investigate choroidal thickness in a comprehensive aspect in healthy eyes by utilizing the Mask R-CNN model.

Application of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning for Choroid Segmentation in Myopia.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between choroidal thickness and myopia progression using a deep learning method.

Methods: Two data sets, data set A and data set B, comprising of 123 optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes, were collected to establish the model and verify its clinical utility. The proposed mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) model, trained with the pretrained weights from the Common Objects in Context database as well as the manually labeled OCT images from data set A, was used to automatically segment the choroid.

Automatic Segment and Quantify Choroid Layer in Myopic eyes: Deep Learning based Model.

Purpose: To report a rapid and accurate method based upon deep learning for automatic segmentation and measurement of the choroidal thickness (CT) in myopic eyes, and to determine the relationship between refractive error (RE) and CT.

Methods: Fifty-four healthy subjects 20-39 years of age were retrospectively reviewed. Data reviewed included age, gender, laterality, visual acuity, RE, and Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) images.

Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors in traumatic retinal detachment following closed-globe injuries.

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional results of retinal detachment (RD) surgery following closed-globe injuries (CGI).

Methods: Patients treated with vitreoretinal surgeries due to RD following CGI from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, preoperative evaluation, and surgical intervention.

Identification and biochemical characterization of a unique Mn2+-dependent UMP kinase from Helicobacter pylori.

Uridine monophosphate (UMP) kinase converts UMP to the corresponding UDP in the presence of metal ions and ATP and is allosterically regulated by nucleotides such as UTP and GTP. Although the UMP kinase reported to date is Mg(2+)-dependent, we found in this study that the UMP kinase of Helicobacter pylori had a preference for Mn(2+) over Mg(2+), which may be related to a conformational difference between the Mn(2+)-bound and Mg(2+)-bound UMP kinase. Similar to previous findings, the UMP kinase activity of H.

G-quadruplex DNA assemblies: loop length, cation identity, and multimer formation.

G-rich DNA sequences are able to fold into structures called G-quadruplexes. To obtain general trends in the influence of loop length on the structure and stability of G-quadruplex structures, we studied oligodeoxynucleotides with random bases in the loops. Sequences studied are dGGGW(i)GGGW(j)GGGW(k)GGG, with W = thymine or adenine with equal probability, and i, j, and k comprised between 1 and 4.

Mosquito surveys carried out on Green Island, Orchid Island, and Penghu Island, Taiwan, in 2003.

Field surveys of mosquitoes were carried out on Green, Orchid, and Penghu Islands in 2003 to ascertain the status of mosquito vectors. Eighteen species of mosquitoes were collected, including three species of Anopheles, four species of Aedes, eight species of Culex, two species of Armigeres, and one species of Malaya. Seventeen previously recorded species were not collected in this study but 11 species collected had not previously been recorded.

Association of ocular dominance and anisometropic myopia.

Purpose: To determine the association between ocular dominance and degree of myopia in patients with anisometropia.

Methods: Fifty-five subjects with anisometropic myopia were recruited. None of them had amblyopia.

Clinicopathologic factors related to metastasis in retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To investigate the orbital invasion and metastatic pattern in retinoblastoma, and to analyze the correlation with other pathologic and prognostic factors.

Methods: Pathologic and admission records of 45 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of retinoblastoma during the past 20 years were reviewed. Clinical risk factors and pathologic findings were analyzed for association with tumor invasion/metastasis using chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Student's t tests.

The effects of varying fluid volume and rate of resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Background: The role of rate and volume of infusion in survival from experimental uncontrolled hemorrhage was evaluated.

Methods: Hemorrhage was initiated using tail resection in 43 female rats assigned to the following five groups: nonresuscitated; resuscitated with moderate volume, slower rate; resuscitated with moderate volume, faster rate; resuscitated with high volume, slower rate; and resuscitated with high volume, faster rate.

Results: A trend toward improved survival was noted with faster rate of infusion (60 vs.

Use of topical antiseptic in prophylaxis of catheter-related septic complications.

Pretreatment of catheters by a simple new procedure designed to reduce the incidence of septic complications was tested in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the former experiments, the high sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria and fungi to Silastic (silicone rubber) catheters pretreated with silver nitrate solution was determined. The antimicrobrial activity remained unchanged after both sterilization and up to six weeks of storage.

A kininase and a kinin-converting enzyme: two distinct alpha aminoacyl peptide hydrolases from bovine lung.

Two closely related but different aminopeptidases from bovine lung have been isolated and characterized. The first aminopeptidase, which removes the N-terminal arginine residue from L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-proline, bradykinin, and des-[Arg9]-bradykinin, has kininase activity; it has a pH optimum of 8.0, is stimulated by Mn2+, and its molecular weight in dilute buffers is slightly greater than 240,000 daltons.

Effect of alkali metal salts on Sarcoma I in A/J mice.

The chloride salts of lithium (Li+) and cesium (Cs+) were evaluated for their ability to influence the growth of Sarcoma I implants in A/J mice. The administration of daily doses of either 1 or 3 mEq/kg CsCl to these mice reduced the incidence and size of tumor implants. This effect was not apparent in animals receiving a smaller dose (0.

Multiple molecular forms of human alanine aminopeptidase: immunochemical properties.

Human pancreas, kidney, and liver alanine aminopeptidases have similar if not identical antigenic determinants even though these three isoenzymes have distinctly different electrophoretic mobilities. Single precipitin lines without spur formation were obtained for all three enzymes with antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with these three purified enzymes. Treatment of these enzymes with neuraminidase eliminated the differences in their electrophoretic migration on polyacrylamide gels and on agarose immunoelectrophoresis gels.

Effectiveness of systemic BCG therapy in advanced melanoma.

The effect of systemic BCG therapy on advanced melanoma was studied in 42 patients with stage II and stage III disease. Evaluation of the immune response prior and during therapy revealed that patients who failed to convert a negative purified protein derivative (PPD) reaction and those having a low stimulation ratio of lymphocyte cultures had rapidly progressive disease and short survival. Neither tumor regression nor prolongation of survival could be appreciated in patients with stage III disease.