Publications by authors named "Hronova Karolina"
Peritonitis is a limiting complication of peritoneal dialysis, which is treated by intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics. Various dosing strategies are recommended for intraperitoneally administered vancomycin, which leads to large differences in intraperitoneal vancomycin exposure. Based on data from therapeutic drug monitoring, we developed the first-ever population pharmacokinetic model for intraperitoneally administered vancomycin to evaluate intraperitoneal and plasma exposure after dosing schedules recommended by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVancomycin is frequently used in haemodialysis (HD) patients but generally accepted target serum ranges and dosing strategy are still lacking in this group. Based on retrospective analysis of data from 118 HD patients treated with vancomycin the interdialytic elimination constant (K), apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and dialysis efficacy were calculated. The influence of possible clinical variables on the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin have been tested.
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- Tamoxifen remains a key treatment for hormone-dependent breast cancer, but personalizing its use could enhance treatment responses beyond just hormone receptor positivity.
- Current research highlights the potential of using therapeutic drug monitoring and genetic biomarkers such as CYP2D6 for treatment personalization, although the application in clinical settings is not yet clearly defined due to inconsistent outcomes.
- Future studies should focus on a multifactorial approach that includes main factors like CYP2D6 polymorphism, inhibitions, and endoxifen serum levels, while also considering disease characterization and epigenetic factors.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how asphyxia severity and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) impact the metabolism of phenobarbital in newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
- The analysis of 120 plasma samples from 50 newborns revealed that only body weight significantly influenced the drug's distribution, with no other factors affecting its clearance.
- Findings suggest that phenobarbital dosage does not need adjustments based on the severity of asphyxia or HIE in the examined newborn population.
Background: Delayed achievement of target vancomycin serum concentrations may adversely affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the prediction accuracy of different body weight descriptors for volume of distribution and to propose an optimal loading dose (LD) for continuous infusion regimens in adults.
Methods: Pharmacokinetic variables were computed using one-compartmental analysis.
Several candidate genes have been proposed as potential biomarkers for altered pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive drugs. However, there is usually only limited clinical evidence substantiating the implementation of biomarkers into clinical practice. Testing for thiopurine-S-methyltransferase polymorphisms has been put into routine clinical use quite widely, while the other pharmacogenetic tests are much less frequently used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper reviews the impact of genetic variability of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and pathways involved in chronic pain perception on the efficacy and safety of analgesics and other drugs used for chronic pain treatment. Several candidate genes have been identified in the literature, while there is usually only limited clinical evidence substantiating for the penetration of the testing for these candidate biomarkers into the clinical practice. Further, the pain-perception regulation and modulation are still not fully understood, and thus more complex knowledge of genetic and epigenetic background for analgesia will be needed prior to the clinical use of the candidate genetic biomarkers.
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- Pharmacogenetics is focused on personalizing medical treatments by analyzing genetic variations that affect how drugs work in the body and how they're processed.
- This review highlights significant genetic variations in metabolic enzymes and explores methods for identifying these variations through genetic testing or assessing how the body responds to specific drug tests (phenotyping).
- It emphasizes various analytical techniques that can be applied to measure the rate of drug metabolism in individuals.