JC virus genotypes in the western Pacific suggest Asian mainland relationships and virus association with early population movements.

Distinct genotypes of human polyomavirus JC (JCV) have remained population associated possibly from the time of dispersal of modern humans from Africa. Seven major genotypes with additional subtypes serve as plausible markers for following early and more recent human migrations in all parts of the world. Phylogenetic trees of JCV sequences from the major continental population groups show a trifurcation at the base indicating early division into European, African, and Asian branches.

Successful use of higher-than-recommended dosage of imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis.

Objective: To report a case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis that was successfully treated with high-dose imipenem/cilastatin and to discuss dosage modification based on individual pharmacokinetic parameters.

Data Sources: Clinical studies, review articles, and relevant laboratory and pharmacokinetic information.

Case Summary: A 27-year-old man with right-sided P.

Prevalence of antibodies interactive with HTLV-I antigens in selected Solomon Islands populations.

Serum samples obtained in 1986 from healthy individuals in three distinct Solomon Islands populations were screened for antibodies to human lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). One of the populations tested lives on the remote Polynesian outlier atoll, Ontong Java. The other two groups, the Baegu and the Lau, are Melanesians living on Malaita, the most populous of the larger Solomon Islands.

Hematoma infected with Mycoplasma hominis.

Although mycoplasmas are commonly isolated in the genitourinary and upper respiratory tracts, they are rarely isolated from other sites. We describe a case of a young woman with trauma to her pelvis and genitourinary tract who had a thigh hematoma infected with Mycoplasma hominis. The patient had persistent systemic symptoms that resolved with appropriate antibiotics and surgical drainage.

Epidemiology of rotaviral infection in adults.

Although classic rotaviral gastroenteritis occurs in children between the ages of six and 24 months, infection with rotavirus is common in all age groups, including adults. Virtually all adults have been infected, as is demonstrated by the presence of serum antibodies, but previous infection does not protect against new infection with the same or a different serotype. Rotaviral infection of adults is seen in five settings: secondary contacts from pediatric cases, with variable attack rates in adults; waterborne outbreaks, which are often characterized by higher attack rates in adults than in children; travelers' diarrhea; epidemic spread in isolated or closed populations, often in the absence of contact with children; and endemic infections, which may account for 5%-10% of sporadic cases of diarrhea in adults.

Investigation of genetic interaction between simian rotavirus SA11 and reovirus.

Rotavirus and reovirus are physically and genetically very similar. Their genetic interaction would have important implications for understanding both the epidemiology of rotavirus and the biological basis of rotavirus pathogenicity. A permissive line of rhesus macaque kidney cells, MA104, was infected with the simian rotavirus SA11 and various temperature sensitive mutants of reovirus (type 3 groups A, B, C, D, G, type 1 M79, and type 2 122).

Molecular basis of reovirus neurovirulence: role of the M2 gene in avirulence.

A number of field isolates of reovirus 3 were examined to determine their relative neurovirulence after intracerebral inoculation. One isolate was found that had decreased neurovirulence. This "avirulent" strain showed the typical type 3 neural tropism but grew significantly less well in brain tissue than T3 (Dearing) and the other type 3 reoviruses.

Rotavirus antibodies in hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus).

Serum samples from wild Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) from Mysore State, India, were compared to samples from a laboratory colony from Davis, Calif., for antibodies to rotavirus, which is an important cause of gastroenteritis in mammals. Animals from the laboratory colony had a higher frequency and higher levels of antibody than wild animals.

Polymorphism of the migration of double-stranded RNA genome segments of reovirus isolates from humans, cattle, and mice.

A series of 94 isolates of reovirus from humans, cattle, and mice, showed extensive variability in the patterns of migration of the ten double-stranded RNA genome segments. This variation was found in all three serotypes, and involved all ten genome segments, including the segment responsible for serological specificity. Although a single pattern was present among several samples isolated from individuals and collected at a single time and place, there were often multiple genetic variants of a single serotype present in a population.

Analysis of hair samples of mummies from Semma South (Sudanese Nubia).

Hair samples from 76 burials at Semna South (Sudanese Nubia) were examined using a variety of techniques. Electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy indicated some oxidation of the cuticule and keratin protein had taken place. However, the cuticular structure and the lack of fluorescence of the cortex indicate that the low humidity and non-alkaline conditions preserved the physical and chemical properties of the hair well.

Frequency of an electrophoretic variant of hair alpha keratin in human populations.

A previously reported electrophoretic variant in hair keratin was looked for in a number of different racial groups. Only Caucasian samples showed the variant with the exception of one American black and one American Indian where Caucasian admixture is likely.

Hierarchical Relations Among Female Hanuman Langurs (Primates: Colobinae, Presbytis entellus).

Female hierarchies are stable over short periods but fluctuate from year to year. In general, young females rise in rank over older and often larger female relatives, even though old females remain active in troop defense. This previously undescribed dominance system can be plausibly explained with reference to inclusive fitness theory and the concept of reproductive value.

Tuberculin and histoplasmin sensitivity in six solomon islands populations.

Skin testing with antigens from Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-S), and atypical mycobacteria (PPD-B, PPD-G, PPD-Y, and PPD-platy) was carried out among six population groups in the Solomon Islands between 1968 and 1972. There was no positive reaction to histoplasmin among any of the groups, suggesting that histoplasmosis is not endemic in the Solomon Islands. There were significant numbers of tuberculin reactors among each group.

Protein polymorphism in the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus).

26 specimens of Presbytis entellus were examined for a variety of blood proteins. In contrast to previous studies of other species of leaf monkeys, our P.entellus sample proved to be very heterogeneous.