Inhibition of p70 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (S6K1) Reduces Cortical Blood Flow in a Rat Model of Autism-Tuberous Sclerosis.

The manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in humans include epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability. Previous studies suggested the linkage of TSC to altered cerebral blood flow and metabolic dysfunction. We previously reported a significant elevation in cerebral blood flow in an animal model of TSC and autism of young Eker rats.

Leucine Reduced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Infarct Size in Early Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion.

A disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial pathophysiological change that can impact the outcome of a stroke. Ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and protein kinase B (Akt) play significant roles in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies have suggested that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may have neuroprotective properties for spinal cord or brain injuries.

Comment on Costa et al. The Effectiveness of Different Concepts of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2021, , 2145.

I read the above-mentioned work with great interest, and I would like to thank the authors for considering two papers from our working group [...

Religious Denomination, Religiosity, Religious Attendance, and Cancer Prevention. A Systematic Review.

Recent research highlighted the influence of religion among health outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review that summarizes the evidence on the relationship between religious factors and the utilization of cancer screenings. Therefore, this article aims to list the findings about the influence of religious denominations, the importance of religion in one's life, and religious practices, such as church attendance on the utilization of cancer screenings.

Conservative treatment of a scoliosis patient after two heart surgeries in early childhood - A case report.

Introduction: This is a case report of a juvenile female patient with scoliosis following two heart surgeries for congenital heart disease (CHD).

Patient Presentation Management And Outcome: Initially, the premenarchial female was 9 years old and had a Tanner stage 2-3 with a single thoracic curve of 65° Cobb. Because of the high risk for progression, immediate brace treatment was proposed as the father declined surgery.

Brace treatment for patients with scoliosis: State of the art.

Background: Physiotherapy, brace applications or surgery are the treatment options utilised to manage patients with scoliosis. Many different brace applications are used, and the success rates of orthoses vary.

Objectives: Brace applications can have detrimental impacts on the patient leading to physical discomfort, psychological discomfort, and in some instance the use of braces may even be painful.

Rapalink-1 Increased Infarct Size in Early Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion With Increased Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption.

It has been reported that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. One of the important pathological changes during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia is disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rapamycin, a first-generation mTOR inhibitor, produces divergent effects on neuronal survival and alteration in BBB disruption.

Inhibition of serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinases by GSK650394 reduced infarct size in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with decreased BBB disruption.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the most important pathological changes following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We tested whether inhibition of the serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) would decrease BBB disruption and contribute to decreasing infarct size in the first few hours of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion within the thrombolysis therapy time window. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), an SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394, or vehicle was administered into the lateral ventricle of rats.

Adhesion molecule L1 inhibition increases infarct size in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion without change in blood-brain barrier disruption.

Objective: Neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) is involved in neuroprotection. To investigate a possible neuroprotective effect of L1 during ischemia, we determined whether blocking L1 with an antagonistic antibody would worsen the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in anesthetized rats.

Reliability of the original Lehnert-Schroth (LS) scoliosis classification in physiotherapy practice.

[Purpose] The foundations of the scoliosis specific and evidence-based physiotherapy program according to Schroth is the original the Lehnert-Schroth (LS) classification which is still in use today. The purpose of this paper is to test the reliability of the LS classification system, using clinical and radiological images of scoliosis patients as classified by specialist experienced clinicians. [Participants and Methods] A list of 40 pictures of X-Rays and a list of 40 clinical pictures (all posterior trunk images) of patients with idiopathic scoliosis were provided by the second author.

[Is it possible to improve treatment safety in the brace treatment of scoliosis patients by using standardized CAD algorithms?].

Background: The treatment of scoliosis patients with corrective braces today still leads to quite different results. The published success rates between 50 and 90% inevitably lead to the question of how the success rates of brace treatment can be increased and standardized. The results of a computer aided design (CAD) Chêneau application, developed with this objective, are presented.

Clinical classification of scoliosis patients using machine learning and markerless 3D surface trunk data.

Markerless 3D surface topography for scoliosis diagnosis and brace treatment can avoid repeated radiation known from standard X-ray analysis and possible side effects. Combined with the method of torso asymmetry analysis, curve severity and progression can be evaluated with high reliability. In the current study, a machine learning approach was utilised to classify scoliosis patients based on their trunk surface asymmetry pattern.

Lysophosphatidic acid increased infarct size in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with increased BBB permeability.

Background: We investigated whether exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid extracellular signaling molecule, would increase infarct size and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and whether it works through Akt-mTOR-S6K1 intracellular signaling.

Material And Methods: Rats were given either vehicle or LPA 1 mg/kg iv three times during reperfusion after one hour of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. In another group, prior to administration of LPA, 30 mg/kg of PF-4708671, an S6K1 inhibitor, was injected.

Innovative decision support for scoliosis brace therapy based on statistical modelling of markerless 3D trunk surface data.

Recently markerless 3D scanning methods receive an increased interest for therapy planning and brace treatment of patients with scoliosis. This avoids repeated radiation known from standard X-Ray analysis. Several authors introduced the method of asymmetry distance maps in order to classify curve severity and progression.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Reduces Microregional Oxygen Supply/Consumption Balance after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small phospholipid-signaling molecule, which can alter responses to stress in the central nervous system.

Objective: We hypothesized that exogenous LPA would increase the size of infarct and reduce microregional O2 supply/consumption balance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Methods: This was tested in isoflurane-anesthetized rats with middle cerebral artery blockade for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h with or without LPA (1 mg/kg, at 30, 60, and 90 min after reperfusion).

First end-result of a prospective cohort with AIS treated with a CAD Chêneau style brace.

[Purpose] Specific exercises and brace treatment are the two evidence-based modes of treatment for patients with scoliosis. The purpose of this paper is to present the first end-results from a prospective cohort that commenced treatment in 2011 with a CAD based Chêneau derivate and is then compared to the published results achieved with the Boston Brace. [Participants and Methods] Inclusion criteria for the study, refers to the SRS inclusion criteria on bracing, except the range of Cobb angles which was extended to curvatures of up to 45°.

Non-specific chronic low back pain in patients with scoliosis-an overview of the literature on patients undergoing brace treatment.

[Purpose] Although there is evidence that non-specific chronic pain can be influenced by physical therapy, some patients with scoliosis and chronic pain may benefit from additional brace treatment. The purpose of this review is to answer the question whether there are studies on the use of brace treatment in patients with scoliosis and pain and to investigate whether brace treatment does positively influence chronic pain. [Methods] A PubMed review has been undertaken using the key words (1) scoliosis and pain and brace treatment and (2) scoliosis and pain and orthotics.

Improvement in Microregional Oxygen Supply/Consumption Balance and Infarct Size After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion With Inhibition of p70 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (S6K1).

Background: We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) would decrease infarct size and improve microregional O supply/consumption balance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Methods: This was tested in isoflurane-anesthetized rats with middle cerebral artery blockade for 1 hour and reperfusion for 2 hours with or without PF-4708671 (S6K1 inhibitor, 75 mg/kg, 15 minutes after blockade). Regional cerebral blood flow was determined using a C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique.

Inhibition of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) by PF-4708671 decreased infarct size in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with decreased BBB permeability.

It is not clear whether inhibition of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Decreasing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been associated with a better neuronal outcome in cerebral ischemia. We hypothesized that inhibition of S6K1 would decrease BBB disruption and infarct size in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.