An immunohistochemical study of E-cadherin expression in human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: relationship between decreased expression of E-cadherin in the primary lesion and regional lymph node metastasis.

E-cadherin is a Ca(2+)-dependent, intercellular adhesion molecule that is specifically expressed in epithelial tissues and is essential for maintaining intercellular connections. It has been reported that E-cadherin expression of tumor cells is often decreased in some types of metastasizing carcinomas as compared with those without metastasis. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of E-cadherin with anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody and compared primary lesions of human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) with regional lymph node metastasis to those without regional lymph node metastasis.

1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol) is effective against Hailey-Hailey disease both in vivo and in vitro.

We report a case of Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) in which 1alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol) was effective both clinically (in vivo) and in explant cultures (in vitro) of a skin lesion. The patient was a 65-year-old man with HHD lesions in the axillary and inguinal areas bilaterally. We applied ointment containing 1alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol), an analogue of active vitamin D3, to the lesions and assessed its clinical effectiveness.

A case of infantile digital fibromatosis with spontaneous regression.

We reported a fourteen-month-old boy with infantile digital fibromatosis. At the age of seven months, a nodule appeared on the back of the left third toe, and developed into a slight red tumor divided into five hemispherical nodules. Histopathologically, spindle-shaped tumor cells with an eosinophilic inclusion body in the cytoplasm were seen in the dermis.

Changes in immune-endocrine response after surgery.

The authors evaluated the relationship between hormonal and cytokine responses after surgery. Patients who underwent thoracic oesophagectomy (O group; n = 7), pulmonary lobectomy (P group; n = 5), modified mastectomy (M group; n = 5) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC group; n = 7), were randomly selected. Circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers were assayed.

Relation between apolipoprotein e phenotype and the changes in lipids during tamoxifen treatment.

We recently reported three cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by tamoxifen-treatment after breast cancer surgery. In that report we showed that one of the three patients had apo E3/3 and another had E4/2 phenotype. There are few data about the relationship between apoprotein E phenotype, one of modifiers of lipoprotein metabolism, and tamoxifen induced lipemia.

Effect of tamoxifen on serum lipid metabolism.

The effect of tamoxifen, an antiestrogenic agent, on lipid metabolism was studied in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer who received the drug for postoperative adjuvant treatment following mastectomy. To measure total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, fasting blood samples were collected before and 2 months after the initiation of tamoxifen therapy from 16 patients who satisfied the study criteria. All patients were normolipidemic before tamoxifen was administered.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by tamoxifen-treatment after breast cancer surgery.

Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist, has been widely used in a hormonal treatment for breast cancer. The side effects of tamoxifen are generally recognized to be mild. However, we experienced three cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia and/or hyperglycemia induced by tamoxifen.

Identification of K1/K10 and K5/K14 keratin pairs in human melanoma cell lines.

Keratin expression in cultured malignant melanoma cells has been studied only rarely. Moreover, no studies have reported of universality of keratin expression in human malignant melanoma cells. In this study, therefore, we analyzed keratin expression in eight cell lines.

Chilblain lupus erythematosus of Hutchinson responding to surgical treatment: a report of two patients with anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies.

We report two patients with chilblain lupus erythematosus of Hutchinson (CL) who responded to surgical treatment. One of them was a 72-year-old woman (case 1), and the other a 62-year-old man (case 2). We attempted to treat these patients by excising the lesions and subsequently performing full-thickness free skin grafting, using skin from the abdominal region.

Ocular sebaceous carcinoma. Two unusual cases, and their histochemical and immunohistochemical findings.

Background: Since sebaceous carcinomas with a poor prognosis arising from the cutaneous adnexae of the eyelid are sometimes difficult to differentiate from squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma on clinical and histopathological findings, definite differentiation between these tumors by additional methods is necessary.

Objective And Methods: To clarify the usefulness of histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations in diagnosing ocular sebaceous carcinoma, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the 2 patients with unusual ocular sebaceous carcinoma.

Results: The findings of ocular sebaceous carcinoma, at least in our 2 cases, were almost identical to those of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma.

An immunohistochemical study of lysozyme, CD-15 (Leu M1), and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in various skin tumors. Assessment of the specificity and sensitivity of markers of apocrine differentiation.

We investigated immunohistochemically the localization of lysozyme and Leu M1 in normal skin, 76 cases of benign sweat gland tumors, 28 cases of malignant sweat gland tumors, 23 cases of extramammary Paget's disease, 7 cases of sebaceous carcinoma, 6 cases of malignant trichilemmoma, 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 10 cases of basal cell carcinoma and compared the results with those for gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)-15 to assess the sensitivity and specificity of our assay conditions for apocrine differentiation. Normal apocrine glands were stained with all three antibodies, while eccrine glands were positive only for GCDFP-15, and other portions of normal skin were not stained with any of the antibodies used. In neoplastic tissue thought to be from apocrine tumors, antibodies raised against lysozyme and GCDFP-15 had a greater specificity (100%) for apocrine differentiation, while Leu M1 had a greater sensitivity (88%).

Assessment of cellular proliferation of sebaceous neoplasms by AgNOR counts and immunohistochemical demonstrations of PCNA and Ki-67.

We assessed cellular proliferation of sebaceous neoplasms by AgNOR counts and the immunohistochemical demonstration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67, using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. We used three categories of sebaceous neoplasms: four cases of sebaceoma, three cases of basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation (BCSD), and seven cases of sebaceous carcinoma (SC). Significant differences were noted between SC and non-SC tumors (sebaceoma and BCSD) in AgNOR counts and semi-quantitative grading of PCNA and Ki-67 labelling indices (P < 0.

Assessment of cellular proliferation of eccrine acrospiromas and eccrine sweat gland carcinomas by AgNOR counting and immunohistochemical demonstration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67.

Argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted and immunostaining using antibodies raised against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 was carried out on eccrine acrospiroma and eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, to determine the malignant potential and prognosis of these tumours. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens surgically excised from 25 patients with eccrine sweat gland carcinoma (20 cases of eccrine porocarcinoma, four cases of ductal sweat gland carcinoma and one case of malignant clear cell hidradenoma) and 25 patients with eccrine acrospiroma (16 cases of eccrine poroma, four cases of poroid hidradenoma and five cases of clear cell hidradenoma) were used. PCNA and Ki-67 labelling indices were categorized semiquantitatively into four grades.

A case of ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising in nevus sebaceus.

We report a case of a tumor arising in the preauricular region in a 50-year-old woman. The histopathological findings revealed it to be a ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to a syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) arising in a nevus sebaceus. Mucinous stroma, considered to be deposition of hyaluronic acid, was also observed in the ductal carcinoma portion.

A patient with rhabdomyosarcoma and clear cell sarcoma of the skin.

We describe a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma of the posterior cervical region and clear cell sarcoma on the occipital scalp. These two tumors later metastasized to distant skin. We differentiated these tumors by histopathologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings.

Usefulness of the AMeX method for immunostaining with antikeratin antibodies.

We performed an immunohistochemical study with 11 antikeratin antibodies using the newly developed AMeX (acetone-methylbenzoate-xylene) tissue processing method. Specimens processed with this method showed almost as good preservation and morphological detail as routinely processed, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and as good preservation of antigenicity as fresh frozen tissue specimens. Thus, we propose the wide use of this method in dermatology.

An immunohistochemical study of sebaceous carcinoma with anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies: comparison with other skin cancers.

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of six cases of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically with eight anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies, 34 beta B4, 35 beta H11, Ks13.1, Ks19.1, PKK1, LP34, KL1 and AE1.

Effect of cyclosporin on hair-existing area of nude mice.

We investigated the effect of cyclosporin, as well as minoxidil, testosterone, estradiol and corticosteroid on the hair growth on the hairy part of nude mice. Aliquots of solutions of cyclosporin and other agents were applied once per every day topically on the tails and the lower backs of 5 week-old BALB/c nude mice, for as long as 6 weeks. Cyclosporin prolonged the hair-existing phase of the hair cycle, but did not change the term of the hair cycle, i.

Malignant transformation of benign hidroacanthoma simplex.

A case of malignant hidroacanthoma simplex of the anterior aspect of the right ankle in a 75-year-old man is reported. A specimen obtained in 1987 showed the features of benign hidroacanthoma simplex, whereas that taken in 1991 revealed malignant transformation. We performed immunohistochemical studies on these two specimens, and they suggest this tumor derives from the outer cells of intraepidermal ducts.

An immunohistochemical study of BCA-225 in various skin cancers.

We performed an immunohistochemical study of BCA-225, which is a glycoprotein secreted by the T47D breast carcinoma cell line and recognized by monoclonal antibody BRST-1 (clone name: CU-18), in normal skin and various skin cancers. In normal skin, BCA-225 was positive only in the secretory portion of both eccrine and apocrine glands and in mature cells of the sebaceous gland. We observed 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, 10 cases of basal cell carcinoma without sebaceous differentiation, 3 cases of basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation, 6 cases of malignant trichilemmoma, 8 cases of eccrine porocarcinoma, 3 cases of ductal carcinoma, 1 case of malignant clear cell hidradenoma, 1 case of apocrine adenocarcinoma, 6 cases of extra-ocular sebaceous carcinoma, 5 cases of extramammary Paget's disease with underlying adenocarcinoma, and 11 cases of extramammary Paget's disease without underlying adenocarcinoma.

Comparative study of the cellular fatty acids of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

The cellular fatty acid compositions of 26 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 17 strains of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of the two groups were very similar with 16 identified components.

A case of malignant haemangioendothelioma treated with recombinant interleukin-2.

A case of malignant haemangioendothelioma of the scalp in an 82-year-old female treated with intralesional, intra-arterial and intravenous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is reported. The scalp lesions disappeared after injection of 35,350,000 Japan reference units of rIL-2 and excision of the residual tumour. Immunohistochemical characterization of the cells infiltrating the lesion after rIL-2 administration revealed 30-40% CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, 20-30% macrophages and 5-10% natural killer cells.

A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of extra-ocular sebaceous carcinoma.

A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of five cases of extra-ocular sebaceous carcinoma was performed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Histochemically, the clear cells of sebaceous carcinomas were negative with periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue staining. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells of sebaceous carcinomas showed positive reactions for epithelial membrane antigen, human milk fat globules subclass 1, human milk fat globules subclass 2 and Leu M1, but did not express carcinoembryonic antigen, breast carcinoma associated antigen, S-100 protein, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 or Dako M1.

Keratin specificity analyses of eight anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies, and their immunostaining patterns in normal skin using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

Keratin specificity analyses of eight anti-keratin antibodies (34 beta B4 (K1), 35 beta H11 (K8), Ks 13.1 (K13), Ks 19.1 (K19), PKK1, LP34 (CK1), KL1 and AE1) using keratin protein derived from normal thigh epidermis, normal parotid gland and a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-5) were performed, and compared with those described in the data sheets.

Organ culture of human hair follicles derived from different areas of the body.

Whole human hair follicles derived from the scalp, chin, axilla, and pubis were organ cultured. The hair follicles were dissected from excised normal skin pieces and placed in 1.0 ml of incubation medium in a closed 5 ml glass tube under an atmosphere of air + 5% CO2.