Prevalence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, by Maternal Diabetes Status at First and Second Deliveries, Massachusetts, 1998-2007.

Introduction: Understanding patterns of diabetes prevalence and diabetes-related complications across pregnancies could inform chronic disease prevention efforts. We examined adverse birth outcomes by diabetes status among women with sequential, live singleton deliveries.

Methods: We used data from the 1998-2007 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System, a population-based cohort of deliveries.

Estimating the Recurrence Rate of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Massachusetts 1998-2007: Methods and Findings.

Objectives: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be able to reduce their risk of recurrent GDM and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus through lifestyle change; however, there is limited population-based information on GDM recurrence rates.

Methods: We used data from a population of women delivering two sequential live singleton infants in Massachusetts (1998-2007) to estimate the prevalence of chronic diabetes mellitus (CDM) and GDM in parity one pregnancies and recurrence of GDM and progression from GDM to CDM in parity two pregnancies. We examined four diabetes classification approaches; birth certificate (BC) data alone, hospital discharge (HD) data alone, both sources hierarchically combined with a diagnosis of CDM from either source taking priority over a diagnosis of GDM, and both sources combined including only pregnancies with full agreement in diagnosis.

Association of maternal body mass index, excessive weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus with large-for-gestational-age births.

Objective: To estimate the percentage of large-for-gestational age (LGA) neonates associated with maternal overweight and obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-both individually and in combination-by race or ethnicity.

Methods: We analyzed 2004-2008 linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge data of live, singleton deliveries in Florida. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the independent contributions of mother's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and GDM status on LGA (birth weight-for-gestational age 90 percentile or greater) risk by race and ethnicity while controlling for maternal age, nativity, and parity.

Fraction of gestational diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight and obesity by race/ethnicity, California, 2007-2009.

Objectives: We calculated the racial/ethnic-specific percentages of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attributable to overweight and obesity.

Methods: We analyzed 1 228 265 records of women aged 20 years or older with a live, singleton birth in California during 2007 to 2009. Using logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the association between prepregnancy body mass index and GDM and calculated the percentages of GDM attributable to overweight and obesity overall and by race/ethnicity.

Are gestational diabetes mellitus and preconception diabetes mellitus less common in non-Hispanic black women than in non-Hispanic white women?

Based on their higher risk of type 2 diabetes, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) would be expected to have higher gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). However, previous studies have reported lower GDM risk in NHBs versus NHWs. We examined whether GDM risk was lower in NHBs and NHWs, and whether this disparity differed by age group.

Community and federal collaboration to assess pregnancy outcomes in Alaska Native women, 1997-2005.

The objectives are to report the estimated prevalence of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a defined population of Alaska Native women and also examine factors contributing to an intensive and successful collaboration between a tribal health center and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigators abstracted medical record data from a random sample of singleton deliveries to residents of the study region occurring between 1997 and 2005. We used descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of selected pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Effects of maternal smokeless tobacco use on selected pregnancy outcomes in Alaska Native women: a case-control study.

Objective: To examine the potential effects of prenatal smokeless tobacco use on selected birth outcomes.

Design: A population-based, case-control study using a retrospective medical record review.

Population: Singleton deliveries 1997-2005 to Alaska Native women residing in western Alaska.

Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity, by nativity, Florida, 2004-2007.

Objective: We examined the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among foreign-born and U.S.-born mothers by race/ethnicity and BMI category.

Racial/ethnic differences in the percentage of gestational diabetes mellitus cases attributable to overweight and obesity, Florida, 2004-2007.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 3% to 7% of pregnant women in the United States, and Asian, black, American Indian, and Hispanic women are at increased risk. Florida, the fourth most populous US state, has a high level of racial/ethnic diversity, providing the opportunity to examine variations in the contribution of maternal body mass index (BMI) status to GDM risk. The objective of this study was to estimate the race/ethnicity-specific percentage of GDM attributable to overweight and obesity in Florida.

Oral contraceptive formulation and risk of breast cancer.

Background: While evidence on the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer generally suggests little or no increased risk, the question of whether breast cancer risk varies by OC formulation remains controversial. Few studies have examined this issue because large samples and extensive OC histories are required.

Study Design: We used data from a multicenter, population-based, case-control investigation.

Maternal smokeless tobacco use in Alaska Native women and singleton infant birth size.

Objective: To examine the effects of maternal prenatal smokeless tobacco use on infant birth size.

Design: A retrospective medical record review of 502 randomly selected deliveries.

Population And Setting: Singleton deliveries to Alaska Native women residing in a defined geographical region in western Alaska, 1997-2005.

Percentage of gestational diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight and obesity.

Objectives: We calculated the percentage of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attributable to overweight and obesity.

Methods: We analyzed 2004 through 2006 data from 7 states using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System linked to revised 2003 birth certificate information. We used logistic regression to estimate the magnitude of the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GDM and calculated the percentage of GDM attributable to overweight and obesity.

Do thyroid disorders increase the risk of breast cancer?

The objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid disorders or treatment of such disorders affects the risk of breast cancer. Subjects aged 35-64 years were participants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, case-control study of invasive breast cancer that was carried out at five sites in the United States. In-person interviews were completed for 4575 women (cases) with breast cancer (2953 white and 1622 black) and 4682 control women (3021 white and 1661 black).

Reproductive health indicators and outcomes among refugee and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps.

Context: Despite increasing awareness of the importance of reproductive health programs and services for refugee and internally displaced populations, there is a paucity of basic epidemiological data on reproductive health outcomes.

Objectives: To collect data on reproductive health outcomes among refugees and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps and compare these outcomes with those of host country and country-of-origin populations. To determine programmatic factors that may affect reproductive health outcomes.

Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer.

Background: It is uncertain whether the use of an oral contraceptive increases the risk of breast cancer later in life, when the incidence of breast cancer is increased. We conducted a population-based, case-control study to determine the risk of breast cancer among former and current users of oral contraceptives.

Methods: We interviewed women who were 35 to 64 years old.

The NICHD Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study: methods and operational results.

Purpose: This paper presents methods and operational results of a population-based case-control study examining the effects of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk among white and black women aged 35-64 years in five U.S. locations.

Maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan, 1999-2000.

Background: Estimated at 3.6 million, Afghans are the largest population of refugees in the world. Information on the magnitude, causes, and preventable factors of maternal deaths among Afghan refugees may yield valuable information for prevention.