Education in the National Transplant Law as an ethical pathway for the construction of the health care value in Colombia.

The national transplant law in Colombia, Law 1805 of 2016, modified the Colombian legislation regarding how a person accesses an organ transplant, but above all, it changed the donor figure, establishing the term derived from the presumptive consent right. This term implies a person’s hypothetical willingness to be an organ donor as a manifestation of solidarity and charity towards another person in a situation of need and vulnerability concerning his/her health and the dimensions that define it. In the following text, seven moments are considered fundamental facts when constructing a culture about the value of healthcare in the national transplant policy in Colombia.

Lexicon for blood-based early detection and screening: BLOODPAC consensus document.

In the United States, 2.0 million new cancer cases and around 600,000 cancer deaths are estimated to occur in 2024. Early detection gives cancer patients the best chance for treatment success.

Surgical Care Through a Community Free Clinic-Ambulatory Surgical Center Partnership.

Background: Disparities secondary to underinsurance present throughout the surgical care continuum. Community free clinics are uniquely capable to provide health care services to the medically underserved, but surgery often falls outside their scope of care.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive community free clinic patients receiving free surgical services via referral to a partnering ambulatory surgery center between March 2016 and September 2021.

Brain metabolism response to intrahospital transfers in neurocritical ill patients and the impact of microdialysis probe location.

Intrahospital transfer (IHT), a routine in the management of neurocritical patients requiring imaging or interventions, might affect brain metabolism. Studies about IHT effects using microdialysis (MD) have produced conflicting results. In these studies, only the most damaged hemisphere was monitored, and those may not reflect the impact of IHT on overall brain metabolism, nor do they address differences between the hemispheres.

First Report of Chagas Disease Vector Species Triatoma sanguisuga (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in Delaware.

In July and October 2023, two live triatomine bugs were found inside a home in New Castle County, Delaware. The bugs were identified as Triatoma sanguisuga, the most widespread triatomine bug species in the United States. Triatoma sanguisuga is a competent vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.

Effect of extrusion cooking on the chemical and nutritional properties of instant flours: a review.

Satisfying the nutritional requirements of consumers has made food industries focus on the development of safe, innocuous, easy-to-prepare products with high nutritional quality through efficient processing technologies. Extrusion cooking has emerged as a prominent technology associated with the nutritional and functional attributes of food products. This review aims to establish a theoretical framework concerning the influence of extrusion parameters on the functional and nutritional properties of precooked or instant flours, both as end-products and ingredients.

Impact of presentation timing in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: Characterization of patients and identification of prognostic factors.

Background: The treatment and surveillance of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved since the introduction of several treatment intensification options associated with hormonal blockade and classifications based on the timing of metastatic disease presentation and disease volume. Using a hospital-based registry, we aimed to assess whether these new classifications are applicable to our population, as few studies have demonstrated their prognostic value for overall survival (OS) and time to development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and to establish prognostic factors in our population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of mHSPC patients who were attended at an oncology referral hospital in Bogota between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study.

BatFly: A database of Neotropical bat-fly interactions.

Global changes have increased the risk of emerging infectious diseases, which can be prevented or mitigated by studying host-parasite interactions, among other measures. Bats and their ectoparasitic flies of the families Streblidae and Nycteribiidae are an excellent study model but, so far, our knowledge has been restricted to fragmented records at a local scale. To help boost research, we assembled a data set of bat-fly interactions from 174 studies published between 1904 and 2022 plus three original data sets.

Quantitative imaging workshop XIX: Utilizing quantitative thoracic imaging to optimize population health final summary.

Lung cancer screening involves the use of thoracic CT for both detection and measurements of suspicious lung nodules to guide the screening management. Since lung cancer screening eligibility typically requires age over 50 years along with >20 pack-year tobacco exposure, thoracic CT scans also frequently reveal evidence for pulmonary emphysema as well as coronary artery calcification. These three thoracic diseases are collectively three of the leading causes of premature death across the world.

An Online HIV Self-Sampling Strategy for Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Trans Women in Spain.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an online self-sampling pilot intervention for HIV testing addressed to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women (TW) users of dating apps in Spain. The website https://www.testate.

Novel combination approaches to locoregional and systemic therapy in the management of primary and metastatic liver tumors.

Several pathways and mutations must develop or be in place for the onset of cancer. Therefore, therapies should ideally target as many of these pathways as possible to improve outcomes. Combining several agents has proven to be more effective than the use of monotherapy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other cancers.

Looking through the lens of social science approaches: A scoping review of leishmaniases and Chagas disease research.

Scholars have called for increased attention to sociocultural, economic, historical, and political processes shaping Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) ecology. We conducted a scoping review to identify major research themes and the knowledge gaps in social science literature in leishmaniases or Chagas disease (CD). Following the scoping review protocol, we first determined the focus of the review to be centered on identifying research that approaches leishmaniases and CD from social science perspective and was indexed by large, biomedically focused databases.

Adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador: high frequency of healthcare-associated infections and increasing hospital stay and costs.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic generated high workloads given the high volume of seriously ill patients; conditions that could increase the risk of adverse events (AE). This study analyzed the frequency of AE in patients with COVID-19 and their effect on mortality, hospital stay and costs.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included in-patients with COVID-19 at a single hospital between March 2020-June 2021.

The time course of acclimation of critical thermal maxima is modulated by the magnitude of temperature change and thermal daily fluctuations.

Plasticity in the critical thermal maximum (CT) helps ectotherms survive in variable thermal conditions. Yet, little is known about the environmental mechanisms modulating its time course. We used the larvae of three neotropical anurans (Boana platanera, Engystomops pustulosus and Rhinella horribilis) to test whether the magnitude of temperature changes and the existence of fluctuations in the thermal environment affected both the amount of change in CT and its acclimation rate (i.

Abrupt peaks in perceived risk of occasional drug use after changing the question order in a repeated self-administered survey.

Background: Question-order changes in repeated surveys can distort comparisons. We want to describe the evolution of drug risk perceptions among Spanish adolescents and assessing whether the 2006 peaks in perceived risk of occasional drug use can be explained by question-order changes.

Methods: The subjects were secondary students from a biennial national survey during 2000-2012.

Predicting no-show appointments in a pediatric hospital in Chile using machine learning.

The Chilean public health system serves 74% of the country's population, and 19% of medical appointments are missed on average because of no-shows. The national goal is 15%, which coincides with the average no-show rate reported in the private healthcare system. Our case study, Doctor Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, is a public high-complexity pediatric hospital and teaching center in Santiago, Chile.

MicroRNA cerebrospinal fluid profile during the early brain injury period as a biomarker in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Introduction: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a dreadful complication present in up to 30% of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Indeed, DCI is one of the main causes of long-term disability in SAH, yet its prediction and prevention are troublesome in poor-grade SAH cases. In this prospective study, we explored the potential role of micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, abbreviated miRNAs)-small non-coding RNAs involved in clue gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level-as biomarkers of neurological outcomes in SAH patients.

Sexualized drug use among men who have sex with men in Madrid and Barcelona: The gateway to new drug use?

This original study compares the prevalences of drug use for any purpose and for sexualized drug use (SDU) among MSM. It also describes relevant characteristics of first SDU, analyzes to what extent SDU has been the first experience (the gateway) with different drugs by age and explores the correlates of SDU. Study participants included 2,919 HIV-negative MSM attending four HIV/STI diagnosis services in Madrid and Barcelona.

Sequencing of hsp70 for discernment of species from the Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis complex from endemic areas in Colombia.

Background: Colombia is ranked very high among countries with the highest numbers of endemic Leishmania species (n = 9) causing human disease. Although much effort has been devoted to generating simple and specific tools for Leishmania species identification, challenges remain in the discrimination of species belonging to the Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis complex: L. (V.

Excessive Drinking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Recruited From Web-Based Resources: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: US and Northern European studies have found a higher prevalence of alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among the general population of men (GPM). However, most of them relied on traditional sampling methods, not profiting from MSM dating apps and websites for recruitment. Besides, analogous comparisons in Southern Europe are lacking.