Intermediary metabolism disturbance in AD/SDAT and its relation to molecular events.

1. Early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type (EODAT; AD) and late-onset dementia of Alzheimer type (LODAT; SDAT) are heterogenous in origin. 2.

[Danish experience with physical and occupational rehabilitation after heart transplantation. The heart transplantation group at Rigshospitalet].

Heart transplantations have been carried out for one year (1.9.1990-1.

Brain oxidative energy and related metabolism, neuronal stress, and Alzheimer's disease: a speculative synthesis.

A reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is one of the most predominant abnormalities generally found in the Alzheimer brain, whereas the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is diminished only slightly or not at all at the beginning of this dementive disorder. From the cerebral metabolic rates of oxidized glucose and oxygen, the cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation rate was calculated in incipient early-onset, incipient late-onset, and stable advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). A reduction in ATP formation by various amounts was found, ranging from at least 7% in incipient early-onset DAT, from around 20% in incipient late-onset DAT, and from 35% up to more than 50% in stable advanced dementia.

Genotypic and serotypic profile in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Eighteen consecutive patients, admitted with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), to the Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden were enrolled into the study. All patients suffered signs of cardiac incompensation of variable duration. Patients were defined by conventional clinical investigations including chest X-ray, ultrasound, g-camera, catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy with histological evaluation by a specially trained pathologist.

Sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type: role of amyloid in etiology is challenged.

Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Whereas only a minority is due to genetic abnormalities and mostly with early onset, the majority of all Alzheimer cases is sporadic and with late onset. Therefore, in the latter, age-related disturbances in cellular metabolism may come into focus with respect to the etiopathogenesis rather than the primary formation of amyloid.

[Captopril-induced toxic hepatitis].

Captopril, the competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, has proved efficient in the treatment of arterial hypertension and heart failure. Its use is generally associated with low incidence of adverse reactions and hepatic injury has not been emphasized as an important adverse reaction in Denmark. However worldwide, several cases of hepatic injury have been reported.

Oxidative energy metabolism in Alzheimer brain. Studies in early-onset and late-onset cases.

Reduction of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is one of the most predominant abnormalities generally found in the Alzheimer brain, whereas the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is only slightly diminished or not at all the beginning of this dementive disorder. This metabolic abnormality may induce severe functional disturbances, obviously preceding morphobiological changes. From the cerebral metabolic rates of oxidized glucose and oxygen, the cerebral ATP formation rate was calculated in incipient early-onset, incipient late-onset and stable advanced dementia of Alzheimer type.

A rat model of reproducible cerebral infarction using thrombotic blood clot emboli.

The purpose of this study was the development of a model of embolic stroke with high reproducibility concerning infarct volume. In 37 male Sprague-Dawley rats, the internal carotid artery was embolized with in vitro preformed suspensions of autologous microemboli resembling arterial thrombi. With a method of continuous flow through the carotid arterial catheter, reflux of blood with uncontrolled clotting and embolization was avoided, thereby providing control animals free of ischemic damage.

Nerve growth factor and choline acetyltransferase activity levels in the rat brain following experimental impairment of cerebral glucose and energy metabolism.

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) has been reported to impair cerebral glucose utilization and energy metabolism (Nitsch and Hoyer: Neurosci Lett, 128:199-202, 1991) and also to prejudice passive avoidance learning in adult rats (Mayer et al.: Brain Res 532:95-100, 1990). It is well established that the forebrain cholinergic system, whose integrity is essential for learning and memory functions, depends on the target-derived retrograde messenger nerve growth factor (NGF).

Age-related histochemical staining patterns of glycosaminoglycans in cell nuclei of different regions of the rat brain: a pilot study.

The brains of 6 rats aged 12 months (adult) and 6 rats aged 24 months (aged) were embedded in paraffin following steady state perfusion with fixation solution. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were demonstrated by histochemical methods using the Alcian blue CEC method in combination with the Feulgen reaction and testis hyaluronidase. Cell nuclei revealed different patterns of GAGs in different layers of the brain cortex and in different cell types.

Age influences abnormalities in striatal dopamine metabolism during and after transient forebrain ischemia.

Age has been found to be a significant risk factor for brain ischemia and its mortality. After cerebral ischemia, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system undergoes selective vulnerability with necrosis of striatal neurons. To study the effect of age and transient forebrain ischemia on striatal dopamine metabolism, investigations were performed in 1-year-old (adult) and 2-year-old (aged) male Wistar rats.

[Vascular etiopathogenesis and degenerative dementias--current state of knowledge].

Dementia due to vascular and degenerative abnormalities has become more frequent with increasing life expectancy. Although the origin of both dementia types is still unknown, pathobiochemical perturbations comprising energy loss, lactic acidosis, calcium homeostasis and free radical formation have been found in both dementia types in incipient stages at the neuronal level. A therapeutic rational against these abnormalities is discussed.

Changes in brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter concentrations in rat after intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin.

The tissue concentrations of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters noradrenaline (NA), dopamine, and serotonin (5-HT) and of their major metabolites were measured by HPLC and electrochemical detection in several rat brain areas after intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). NA levels were found to be decreased in the frontal cortex by 14%, in the entorhinal cortex by 18%, and in the striatum by 38%. In the entorhinal cortex, 5-HT levels were decreased by 19% and the 5-HT turnover rate, measured as the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT ratio, was found to be increased by 48%.

[Heart transplantation in Denmark. Therapeutic routines and preliminary results].

When the criterion of brain-death was introduced in Denmark on 1.7.1990, the possibility for heart transplantation and other interventions was opened.

Local action of the diabetogenic drug, streptozotocin, on glucose and energy metabolism in rat brain cortex.

Glucose is the principal source for energy production in the brain, and undisturbed glucose metabolism is pivotally significant for normal function of this organ. Peripheral glucose metabolism is impaired by streptozotocin (STZ), which induces diabetes mellitus. In this investigation, we have studied the local effects of intracerebroventricular (i.

The influence of etomidate upon cerebral metabolites after complete brain ischaemia in the rat.

The influence of etomidate on post-ischaemic cerebral metabolism was examined in 1-year-old male Wistar rats. Ten rats were randomly allocated to each of three groups. Group 1 animals received etomidate for 60 min without undergoing cerebral ischaemia.

Predominant abnormality in cerebral glucose utilization in late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type: a cross-sectional comparison against advanced late-onset and incipient early-onset cases.

Global cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen, CO2, glucose and lactate were studied in 11 patients aged 61-78 years who had been clinically diagnosed as suffering from incipient late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), and in 7 patients aged 66-83 years, in whom advanced late-onset DAT had been diagnosed, using the Kety-Schmidt technique. In incipient late-onset DAT, the predominant abnormality was a 45% reduction in cerebral glucose utilization, whereas cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen were diminished by only 17% and 18%, respectively. A severe imbalance between oxygen utilization and glucose utilization thus became obvious.

Abnormalities of glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.

In normoglycemic patients with either incipient early-onset or incipient late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type, the predominant disturbance consisted of a significant reduction in cerebral glucose utilization. Alterations in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption first occurred in late-onset dementia types. In advanced late-onset dementia, these parameters had decreased most severely.

Changes in striatal dopamine neurohistochemistry and biochemistry after incomplete transient cerebral ischemia in the rat.

To evaluate the development of striatal ischemic cell damage in relation to alterations in dopamine (DA) transmission, one year old male Wistar rats underwent a 15 min incomplete cerebral ischemia (ICI) induced by occlusion of the common carotid arteries and by hypovolemic hypotension. The animals were divided into the following experimental groups: sham operated rats, rats with ICI without reperfusion, and rats with ICI followed by 60 min, 24 h, 72 h and 144 h of recirculation. The ischemia induced striatal lesions were investigated in serial coronal brain sections, stained with cresylviolet or immunostained for dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivities (IR).

Effects of changes in peripheral and cerebral glucose metabolism on locomotor activity, learning and memory in adult male rats.

Interactions of glucose and cognitive function have been reported both in the presence of elevated arterial blood glucose levels and with decreased cerebral glucose metabolism. In order to test the peripheral vs. central effects of this phenomenon, we induced irreversible hyperglycemia and depression of cerebral glucose metabolism in separate designs by means of either intraperitoneal (i.

Mapping of a functional autoimmune epitope on the beta 1-adrenergic receptor in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

The presence and properties of serum autoantibodies against beta-adrenergic receptors in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were studied using synthetic peptides derived from the predicted sequences of the human beta-adrenergic receptors. Peptides corresponding to the sequences of the second extracellular loop of the human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors were used as antigens in an enzyme immunoassay to screen sera from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 42), ischemic heart disease (n = 17), or healthy blood donors (n = 34). The sera of thirteen dilated cardiomyopathy patients, none of the ischemic heart disease patients, and four of the healthy controls monospecifically recognized the beta 1-peptide.

Ammonia is endogenously generated in the brain in the presence of presumed and verified dementia of Alzheimer type.

The healthy, mature, non-starved brain was found to take up a small amount of ammonia on average 7.22 +/- 0.72 micrograms/100 g x min.