ChatGPT 4.0's efficacy in the self-diagnosis of non-traumatic hand conditions.

Background: With advancements in artificial intelligence, patients increasingly turn to generative AI models like ChatGPT for medical advice. This study explores the utility of ChatGPT 4.0 (GPT-4.

Is Artificial Intelligence the Future of Radiology? Accuracy of ChatGPT in Radiologic Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Bony Pathology.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool to aid in diagnostic accuracy and patient communication. Prior literature has shown that ChatGPT answers medical questions and can accurately diagnose surgical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of ChatGPT 4.

An improved diagrammatic procedure for interpreting and scoring the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: An update to Steve Berry's 1996 edition.

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a popular neuropsychological test that is complicated to score and interpret. In an attempt to make scoring of the WCST simpler, Berry (The Clinical Neuropsychologist 10, 117-121, 1996) developed a diagrammatic scoring procedure, particularly to aid scoring of perseverative responses. We identified key limitations of Berry's diagram, including its unnecessary ambiguity and complexity, use of terminology different from that used in the standardized WCST manual, and lack of distinction between perseverative errors and perseverative responses.

Strategies associated with improved healthiness of consumer purchasing in supermarket interventions: a systematic overview of reviews and evaluation of primary articles.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that it is possible to change the retail food environment to enable healthier choices via in-store interventions. It has been difficult to draw clear conclusions as to which interventions are most effective in positively influencing consumer purchasing behaviour given the significant heterogeneity within the food retail research literature. The aim of this study was to (1) summarise current high-quality systematic, scoping, and/or narrative reviews (Part I: overview of reviews); and (2) synthesise high-quality original research, to understand the range, types and effectiveness of strategies implemented in food retail settings (Part II: evaluation of primary studies).

Investigating self-report and neuropsychological assessments of cognitive flexibility in people with and without persistent pain: An online, cross-sectional, observational study.

Introduction: People with persistent pain experience problems modifying their cognition and behaviours when task or environmental demands change - abilities otherwise known as . However, limitations and inconsistent results of previous studies raise concerns over the quality of that evidence. We aimed to determine whether people with and without persistent pain differ on two assessments that are commonly used to assess cognitive flexibility.

Molecular profiling of solid tumors by next-generation sequencing: an experience from a clinical laboratory.

Background: Personalized targeted therapies have transformed management of several solid tumors. Timely and accurate detection of clinically relevant genetic variants in tumor is central to the implementation of molecular targeted therapies. To facilitate precise molecular testing in solid tumors, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays have emerged as a valuable tool.

The effect of HLA-DRB1*04:01 on a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Objectives: HLA-DRB1 is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to determine the effect of HLA-DRB1 on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) using a novel mouse model.

Methods: Mice transgenic for HLA-DRB1*04:01 (DR4tg) were crossed with low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out () mice that develop atherosclerosis when fed a high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet.

Individualized approach to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor dosing in cystic fibrosis, in response to self-reported anxiety and neurocognitive adverse events: A case series.

The prevalence of mental health disorders is high among people with Cystic Fibrosis. The psychological symptoms in CF are associated with poor adherence, worse treatment outcomes, and greater health utilization/cost. Mental health and neurocognitive Adverse Events (AEs) have been reported with all available Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators in small groups of patients.

F4/80Ly6C Macrophages Lead to Cell Plasticity and Cancer Initiation in Colitis.

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, and a major risk factor is chronic inflammation. Despite the link between colitis and cancer, the mechanism by which inflammation leads to colorectal cancer is not well understood.

Methods: To investigate whether different forms of inflammation pose the same risk of cancer, we compared several murine models of colitis (dextran sodium sulfate [DSS], 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, 4-ethoxylmethylene-2-phenyloxazol-5-one, Citrobacter rodentium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and doxorubicin) with respect to their ability to lead to colonic tumorigenesis.

Immune-based classification of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer with implications for biomarker-driven treatment de-intensification.

Background: There is significant interest in treatment de-escalation for human papillomavirus-associated (HPV) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients given the generally favourable prognosis. However, 15-30% of patients recur after primary treatment, reflecting a need for improved risk-stratification tools. We sought to develop a molecular test to risk stratify HPV OPSCC patients.

T-cell clonality testing for the diagnosis of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia: Are we identifying pathology or incidental clones?

Introduction: T-cell clonality testing by T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is key to the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia. Benign clonal T-cell expansions, however, are commonly found in patients without identifiable disease, a condition referred to as T-cell clones of uncertain significance (T-CUS). In practice, T-cell clonality testing is performed for a range of reasons and results are often challenging to interpret given the overlap between benign and malignant clonal T-cell proliferations and uncertainties in the management of T-CUS.

Dysregulated transforming growth factor-beta mediates early bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes.

Diabetes affects select organs such as the eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. Our recent studies show that diabetes also enhances adipogenesis in the bone marrow and reduces the number of marrow-resident vascular regenerative stem cells. In the current study, we have performed a detailed spatio-temporal examination to identify the early changes that are induced by diabetes in the bone marrow.

Rapid adaptation of predictive models during language comprehension: Aperiodic EEG slope, individual alpha frequency and idea density modulate individual differences in real-time model updating.

Predictive coding provides a compelling, unified theory of neural information processing, including for language. However, there is insufficient understanding of how predictive models adapt to changing contextual and environmental demands and the extent to which such adaptive processes differ between individuals. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to track prediction error responses during a naturalistic language processing paradigm.

Back to the drawing board-The relationship between self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility in clinical cohorts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Cognitive flexibility has been previously described as the ability to adjust cognitive and behavioral strategies in response to changing contextual demands. Cognitive flexibility is typically assessed via self-report questionnaires and performance on neuropsychological tests in research and clinical practice. A common assumption among researchers and clinicians is that self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility assess the same or similar constructs, but the extent of the relationship between these two assessment approaches in clinical cohorts remains unknown.

CAP-ACP Workload Model for Advanced Diagnostics in Precision Medicine.

Objectives: In precision medicine, where oncologic management is tailored to the individual's clinical and genetic profiles, advanced diagnostic testing provides prognostic information and guides management in a growing number of malignancies. There is a need to capture the work pathologists perform to meet this demand by providing medically relevant, timely, and accurate testing results. This work includes not only direct patient consults (interpretation of results and issuing reports) but the administrative and medical oversight as well as the research needed to provide the necessary quality assurance, quality control, direction, and framework for the laboratory.

EEG and behavioral correlates of attentional processing while walking and navigating naturalistic environments.

The capacity to regulate one's attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a 'real-world' EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing cognitive, motor, and environmental demands.

Reducing cytogenetic testing in the era of next generation sequencing: Are we choosing wisely?

Introduction: In most laboratories, next generation sequencing (NGS) has been added without consideration for redundancy compared to conventional cytogenetics (CG). We tested a streamlined approach to genomic testing in patients with suspected myeloid and plasma cell neoplasms using next generation sequencing ("NGS first") as the primary testing modality and limiting cytogenetics (CG) to samples with morphologic abnormalities in the marrow aspirate.

Methods: Based on morphologic interpretation of bone marrow aspirate and flow cytometry, samples were triaged into four groups: (a) Samples with dysplasia or excess blasts had both NGS and karyotyping; (b) Samples without excess blasts or dysplasia had NGS only; (c) Repeat samples with previous NGS and/or CG studies were not retested; (d) Samples for suspected myeloma with less than 5% plasma cell had CG testing cancelled.

"Oral Nutritional Supplements: Sugar Content and Potential Dental Implications".

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to list the most commonly prescribed Oral Nutritional Supplements in the UK and Ireland and their sugar content; and to raise awareness among the dental profession regarding their uses and potential dental risks involved.

Background: Many older patients benefit from Oral Nutritional Supplements. Prescribers may not consider dental implications of these.

Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Thyroid Nodules.

Objective: Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cancer patients can potentially serve as a noninvasive, sensitive test of disease status. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to detect mutations in the plasma of patients with thyroid nodules, with the goal of distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules.

Methods: Consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who consented for surgery were recruited.

Same room - different windows? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility in healthy adults.

Cognitive flexibility can be thought of as the ability to effectively adapt one's cognitive and behavioural strategies in response to changing task or environmental demands. To substantiate the common inference that self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility provide 'different windows into the same room', we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility are related in healthy adults. Ten databases and relevant grey literature were searched from inception.

Does HPV Subtype Predict Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancers?

Background: Recently, reanalysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas study demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in head and neck cancers other than HPV-16 have inferior survival to HPV-16-positive tumors. We aimed to examine the association of HPV subtypes and survival in a large cohort of patient samples from our institution.

Methods: Fresh frozen primary site biopsy samples were collected either in clinic or at the time of surgery.