Free water elimination tractometry for aging brains.

Tractometry of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) non-invasively quantifies tissue properties of brain connections. It is widely used in aging studies but could be less reliable in aging brains due to increased white matter free water. We demonstrate that computational free water elimination (FWE) increases reliability and accuracy of tractometry in a large (n = 339) cohort of older adults (66 - 103 y.

2021 American Society of Acupuncturists Survey on Acupuncturists' Backgrounds, Interests, and Attitudes toward Conducting Research.

Background: It has been previously reported that acupuncturists internationally can be reluctant to engage in acupuncture research.

Purpose: Assess the beliefs and attitudes of acupuncturists in the United States toward research, along with exploring their backgrounds and interests regarding conducting acupuncture research. We aimed to capture any previous experiences in conducting research, applying research findings in their clinical practice, and their ideas on how research could be used to promote the profession.

Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling DNA Methylation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers.

Antipsychotics are associated with severe metabolic side effects including insulin resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying this side effect are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle plays a critical role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation by antipsychotics may play a role in the development of insulin resistance. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine was performed in healthy volunteers.

Comparison of brain imaging and physical health between research and clinical neuroimaging cohorts of ageing.

Objectives: To compare brain MRI measures between Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) participants who underwent research, clinical, or both MRI scans, and clinical health measures across the groups and non-MRI subjects.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study leveraging MRI, clinical, demographic, and medication data from ACT. Three neuroradiologists reviewed MRI scans using NIH Neuroimaging Common Data Elements (CDEs).

Global taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bees in apple orchards.

An essential prerequisite to safeguard pollinator species is characterisation of the multifaceted diversity of crop pollinators and identification of the drivers of pollinator community changes across biogeographical gradients. The extent to which intensive agriculture is associated with the homogenisation of biological communities at large spatial scales remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated diversity drivers for 644 bee species/morphospecies in 177 commercial apple orchards across 33 countries and four global biogeographical biomes.

Pollinator identity and behavior affect pollination in kiwifruit ( Planch.).

Many crop plants rely on insect pollination, particularly insect-pollinated crops which are functionally dioecious. These crops require insects to move pollen between separate plants which are functionally male or female. While honey bees are typically considered the most important crop pollinator species, many other insects are known to visit crops but the pollination contribution of the full diversity of these flower visitors is poorly understood.

A network perspective for sustainable agroecosystems.

Nature-based management aims to improve sustainable agroecosystem production, but its efficacy has been variable. We argue that nature-based agroecosystem management could be significantly improved by explicitly considering and manipulating the underlying networks of species interactions. A network perspective can link species interactions to ecosystem functioning and stability, identify influential species and interactions, and suggest optimal management approaches.

Profiling the Skeletal Muscle Proteome in Patients on Atypical Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers.

Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are used in the treatment of severe mental illness. They are associated with several metabolic side effects including insulin resistance. The skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

The role of insect pollinators in avocado production: A global review.

Insect pollination increases the yield and quality of many crops and therefore, understanding the role of insect pollinators in crop production is necessary to sustainably increase yields. Avocado  benefits from insect pollination, however, a better understanding of the role of pollinators and their contribution to the production of this globally important crop is needed. In this study, we carried out a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the pollination ecology of avocado to answer the following questions: (a) Are there any research gaps in terms of geographic location or scientific focus? (b) What is the effect of insect pollinators on avocado pollination and production? (c) Which pollinators are the most abundant and effective and how does this vary across location? (d) How can insect pollination be improved for higher yields? (e) What are the current evidence gaps and what should be the focus of future research? Research from many regions of the globe has been published, however, results showed that there is limited information from key avocado producing countries such as Mexico and the Dominican Republic.

CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination.

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions.

A global-scale expert assessment of drivers and risks associated with pollinator decline.

Pollinator decline has attracted global attention and substantial efforts are underway to respond through national pollinator strategies and action plans. These policy responses require clarity on what is driving pollinator decline and what risks it generates for society in different parts of the world. Using a formal expert elicitation process, we evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline and ten consequent risks to human well-being.

Personal genotyping and student outcomes in genetic and pharmacogenetic teaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Teaching of genetics and pharmacogenetics with personal genotyping (PGT) is becoming commonplace. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the effects of PGT on student outcomes. A systematic review was performed on studies that reported the effects of PGT on student attitudes, perceptions or knowledge.

Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities.

While an increasing number of studies indicate that the range, diversity and abundance of many wild pollinators has declined, the global area of pollinator-dependent crops has significantly increased over the last few decades. Crop pollination studies to date have mainly focused on either identifying different guilds pollinating various crops, or on factors driving spatial changes and turnover observed in these communities. The mechanisms driving temporal stability for ecosystem functioning and services, however, remain poorly understood.

Orchard layout and plant traits influence fruit yield more strongly than pollinator behaviour and density in a dioecious crop.

Mutualistic plant-pollinator interactions are critical for the functioning of both non-managed and agricultural systems. Mathematical models of plant-pollinator interactions can help understand key determinants in pollination success. However, most previous models have not addressed pollinator behavior and plant biology combined.

Bibliometric data based on the Pharm.D. and Ph.D. degree in United States research-intensive colleges of pharmacy.

Objectives: The objective of this work was to compare bibliometrics based on doctoral degrees within United States colleges of pharmacy to understand productivity differences. Secondary objectives were to provide quantitative data based on degree that could be utilized by individual faculty, administration and other key stakeholders in academic pharmacy.

Methods: Bibliometric indices were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science for faculty from research-intensive United States pharmacy schools.

Epigenetic Responses to Acute Resistance Exercise in Trained vs. Sedentary Men.

Bagley, JR, Burghardt, KJ, McManus, R, Howlett, B, Costa, PB, Coburn, JW, Arevalo, JA, Malek, MH, and Galpin, AJ. Epigenetic responses to acute resistance exercise in trained vs. sedentary men.

How to Approach Cultural Humility Debriefing within Clinical Veterinary Environments.

Cultural humility debriefing provides learners with the opportunity to consider how they engage with clients and patients while keeping their own identities and biases in mind. In this article, we invite a deeper understanding of the cultural humility debrief by reviewing its history and uses, describing the state of mind and communication skills required for successful facilitation, and providing a step-by-step process as a framework for veterinary educators to implement effective cultural humility debriefing in practice. This teaching technique is rooted in established communication tools-specifically, permission seeking, open-ended questions, reflective listening, and empathy.

Skeletal muscle DNA methylation modifications and psychopharmacologic treatment in bipolar disorder.

Both severe mental illness and atypical antipsychotics have been independently associated with insulin resistance and weight gain. Altered regulation of skeletal muscle DNA methylation may play a role. We aimed to evaluate DNA methylation modifications in human skeletal muscle samples to further understand its potential role in the metabolic burden observed in psychiatric patients and psychopharmacologic treatment.

A bibliometric analysis of the top 50 NIH-Funded colleges of pharmacy using two databases.

Background: Scholarly productivity is an essential component of college of pharmacy activities and may depend on university rank, faculty type, faculty rank and department. Bibliometric measures provide a means to analyze scholarly productivity from colleges of pharmacy while accounting for these various factors.

Objectives: To analyze bibliometric data from two databases based on Carnegie Research Classification and NIH-funding rank; provide descriptions of bibliometric data based on department type and faculty classification; and examine the distribution of publications in the top 50 NIH-funded Colleges of Pharmacy.

Non-Bee Insects as Visitors and Pollinators of Crops: Biology, Ecology, and Management.

Insects other than bees (i.e., non-bees) have been acknowledged as important crop pollinators, but our understanding of which crop plants they visit and how effective they are as crop pollinators is limited.

Evaluating the taxa that provide shared pollination services across multiple crops and regions.

Many pollinator species visit multiple crops in multiple regions, yet we know little about their pollination service provisioning at local and regional scales. We investigated the floral visitors (n = 13,200), their effectiveness (n = 1718 single visits) and response to landscape composition across three crops avocado, mango and macadamia within a single growing region (1 year), a single crop (3 years) and across different growing regions in multiple years. In total, eight wild visitor groups were shared across all three crops.

Toward an integrated approach to crop production and pollination ecology through the application of remote sensing.

Insect pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service by transferring pollen to crops and native vegetation. The extent to which pollinator communities vary both spatially and temporally has important implications for ecology, conservation and agricultural production. However, understanding the complex interactions that determine pollination service provisioning and production measures over space and time has remained a major challenge.

Atypical Antipsychotics and the Human Skeletal Muscle Lipidome.

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are a class of medications associated with significant metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the skeletal muscle lipidome of patients on AAPs, compared to mood stabilizers, to further understand the molecular changes underlying AAP treatment and side effects. Bipolar patients on AAPs or mood stabilizers underwent a fasting muscle biopsy and assessment of insulin sensitivity.

Possible mechanisms of pollination failure in hybrid carrot seed and implications for industry in a changing climate.

Approximately one-third of our food globally comes from insect-pollinated crops. The dependence on pollinators has been linked to yield instability, which could potentially become worse in a changing climate. Insect-pollinated crops produced via hybrid breeding (20% of fruit and vegetable production globally) are especially at risk as they are even more reliant on pollinators than open-pollinated plants.