Melioidosis and Activation from Latency: The "Time Bomb" Has Not Occurred.

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has long been considered able to exist in a latent form. Seropositivity among U.S.

Wild edible yams from Madagascar: New insights into nutritional composition support their use for food security and conservation.

Yams ( species) are an important food resource in Madagascar, where both cultivated winged yam () and wild edible yams are consumed. However, there is limited knowledge on the nutrient composition of wild edible yams in Madagascar, and on how they compare with the cultivated winged yam. Therefore, in this study, nine wild edible yam species, one with two subspecies from Madagascar (, , , , , , subsp.

Evaluation of the anti-nociceptive profile of essential oil from Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) in acute and chronic pain models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant native to Mediterranean regions and found in other parts of the world. Extracts and essential oil from this widely cultivated culinary medicinal herb are used in traditional medicine to manage a variety of disorders that include epilepsy and pain.

Understanding the social and structural context of oral PrEP delivery: an ethnography exploring barriers and facilitators impacting transgender women who engage in street-based sex work in Baltimore, Maryland.

Transgender women who sell sex (TWSS) experience high rates of HIV acquisition. Antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) represent an efficacious HIV prevention strategy. The social and structural factors affecting PrEP delivery amongst TWSS are underexplored in the literature.

Liver Lipoma in a Dog: Case Report and Literature Review.

Lipoma of the liver has not been reported in dogs. An 8 yr old spayed female Great Dane was referred for diagnostic workup of abdominal distention. Computed tomography showed fat-attenuating masses with negative attenuation values (variable between -60 to -40 Hounsfield units) and minimal contrast uptake within the left cranial abdomen.

Machine learning enhances prediction of plants as potential sources of antimalarials.

Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds and a number of plant-derived antiplasmodial compounds have been developed into pharmaceutical drugs for the prevention and treatment of malaria, a major public health challenge. However, identifying plants with antiplasmodial potential can be time-consuming and costly. One approach for selecting plants to investigate is based on ethnobotanical knowledge which, though having provided some major successes, is restricted to a relatively small group of plant species.

Characterisation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates in the Northern Territory of Australia.

This article summarises our review of 41 Corynebacterium diphtheriae wound swab isolates from the tropical Northern Territory of Australia. On polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing, no isolates were toxigenic strains.

Scutellaria incarnata Vent. root extract and isolated phenylethanoid glycosides are neuroprotective against C-ceramide toxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Neuronal death is a central process in neurodegenerative diseases and represents a therapeutic challenge for their prevention and treatment. Scutellaria incarnata Vent. roots are used traditionally in Colombia for central nervous system conditions including those affecting cognitive functions, but their chemistry and neuroprotective action remain to be explored to understand the scientific basis for their medicinal uses.

Cytotoxicity of Fenugreek Sprout and Seed Extracts and Their Bioactive Constituents on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

L. (fenugreek), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae), is a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, which explains its traditional use for a variety of metabolic disorders including cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate extracts of fenugreek seeds and sprouts, and some of their constituents, to compare their cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Global plant diversity as a reservoir of micronutrients for humanity.

With more than two billion people suffering from malnutrition and diets homogenizing globally, it is vital to identify and conserve nutrient-rich species that may contribute to improving food security and diversifying diets. Of the approximately 390,000 vascular plant species known to science, thousands have been reported to be edible, yet their nutritional content remains poorly characterized. Here we use phylogenetic information to identify plants with the greatest potential to support strategies alleviating B-vitamin deficiencies.

Association between knee pain location and abnormal imaging or arthroscopic findings: A systematic review.

Background: Assessment of pain location is an essential component of the differential diagnosis of knee pain because pain location is thought to indicate pathology. Previous studies have questioned whether abnormal imaging findings are related to the presence of pain, but none has systematically reviewed the association between knee pain location and the location of abnormal imaging or arthroscopic findings.

Objective: To systematically review the association between the location of knee pain and the location of abnormal imaging or arthroscopic findings.

Future directions for the discovery of natural product-derived immunomodulating drugs: an IUPHAR positional review.

Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap.

New Insights Into the Anticonvulsant Effects of Essential Oil From L. (Lemon Balm).

L. is used in traditional European and Iranian folk medicines to treat a plethora of neurological diseases including epilepsy. We utilized the and models of epilepsy to probe the anticonvulsant potentials of essential oil from (MO) to gain insight into the scientific basis for its applications in traditional medicine for the management of convulsive disorders.

Adversarial Argument, Belief Change, and Vulnerability.

When people argue, they are vulnerable to unwanted and costly changes in their beliefs. This vulnerability motivates the position that belief involuntarism makes argument inherently adversarial (Casey, Informal Log 40:77-108, 2020), as well as the development of alternatives to adversarial argumentation such as "invitational rhetoric" (Foss and Griffin, Commun Monogr 62:2-18, 1995). The emphasis on involuntary belief change in such accounts, in our perspective, neglects three dimensions of arguing: the diversity of arguer intentions, audience agency, and the benefits of belief change.

Differences in diterpenoid diversity reveal new evidence for separating the genus from .

Covering: up to 2019The large and medicinally important tropical plant genus (Lamiaceae) was recently split into three separate genera on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence; , and . We found striking differences between the diterpenoids which strongly support this taxonomic split. is characterised by abietanes oxygenated at C-14 such as royleanones, spirocoleons and acylhydroquinones, which could be useful chemotaxonomic markers to distinguish this genus from In contrast, the abietanes in lack C-14 oxygenation, but are often acylated with unusual acids.

The post-translational modification landscape of commercial beers.

Beer is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. As a product of variable agricultural ingredients and processes, beer has high molecular complexity. We used DIA/SWATH-MS to investigate the proteomic complexity and diversity of 23 commercial Australian beers.

Plants used traditionally as antimalarials in Latin America: Mining the tree of life for potential new medicines.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria remains a serious and challenging disease. Traditional antimalarial medicines are largely based on plants, and ethnopharmacological research has inspired the development of antimalarial pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin. Antimalarial drug resistance is an increasing problem in Plasmodium species, and new therapeutic strategies to combat malaria are needed.

Evaluation of bronchial narrowing in coughing dogs with heart murmurs using computed tomography.

Background: The origin of cough in dogs with heart murmurs is controversial, because the cough could be primary cardiac (eg, pulmonary edema, bronchi compression by left-sided cardiomegaly) or respiratory (eg, bronchomalacia, other bronchial or bronchiolar disease, interstitial lung disease) in origin.

Hypothesis/objectives: To study the association between left atrium (LA) dilatation and cardiomegaly and bronchial narrowing in coughing dogs with heart murmurs using computed tomography (CT).

Animals: Twenty-one client-owned coughing dogs with heart murmurs and 14 historical control dogs.

Micronutrient composition and microbial community analysis across diverse landraces of the Ethiopian orphan crop enset.

Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a major starch staple and food security crop for 20 million people. Despite substantial diversity in morphology, genetics, agronomy and utilization across its range, nutritional characteristics have only been reported in relatively few landraces. Here, we survey nutritional composition in 22 landraces from three enset growing regions.

Farmer and Veterinary Practices and Opinions Related to Fertility Testing and Pregnancy Diagnosis of UK Dairy Cows.

Dairy cow farming plays an important role in the UK and worldwide economies. Significant challenges are currently being faced regarding sustainability of the dairy industry. Dairy cow subfertility remains an important issue limiting herd productivity, resulting in annual losses of hundreds of millions of pounds in the UK alone.