Validation of an Oral Health Tool for Clinicians to Screen Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Aims: To develop and validate a screening tool to identify patients with cardiovascular disease at risk of poor oral health and requiring referrals.

Design: This study was part of a larger pilot study involving a cross-sectional survey and an oral health assessment conducted with patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A four-item screening tool was developed by an expert panel and validated through a cross-sectional survey of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Influence of preoperative body mass index on prognosis for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

Purpose: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is controversial. Increasing evidence suggests an age-dependent relationship between obesity and outcomes for some solid organ tumors. Herein, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of preoperative BMI in UTUC patients treated with RNU in Taiwan.

EUS-guided fine needle aspiration-based clues to mistaken or uncertain identity: serous pancreatic cysts.

Background/objectives: Pancreatic serous cystic neoplasms (SCN) present a diagnostic challenge given their increasing frequency of detection and benign nature yet relatively high rate of misdiagnosis. Here, imaging and analyses associated with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) are evaluated for their ability to provide a correct preoperative diagnosis of SCN.

Methods: A surgical cohort with confirmed pathological diagnosis of SCN (n = 62) and a surveillance cohort with likely SCN (n = 31) were assessed for imaging (CT/MRI/EUS) and EUS-FNA-based analyses (cytology/DNA analysis for Von Hippel-Lindau [VHL] gene alterations/biomarkers).

Integrated Molecular Characterization of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: An NCI Cancer Moonshot Precancer Atlas Pilot Project.

Unlabelled: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are cystic precursor lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). IPMNs undergo multistep progression from low-grade (LG) to high-grade (HG) dysplasia, culminating in invasive neoplasia. While patterns of IPMN progression have been analyzed using multiregion sequencing for somatic mutations, there is no integrated assessment of molecular events, including copy-number alterations (CNA) and transcriptional changes that accompany IPMN progression.

Metastatic solid tumours to the penis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 109 cases from an international collaboration.

Aims: To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic tumours to the penis and their clinicopathologic features.

Methods: The databases and files of 22 pathology departments from eight countries on three continents were queried to identify metastatic solid tumours of the penis and to characterize their clinical and pathologic features.

Results: We compiled a series of 109 cases of metastatic solid tumours that secondarily involved the penis.

The Role of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Pancreatobiliary Brushing Cytology: A Large Retrospective Review with Histologic Correlation.

(1) Background: Although the specificity of brush cytology for the detection of malignant pancreaticobiliary strictures is high, its sensitivity is low. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to detect chromosomal aneuploidy in biliary brushing specimens, and when used as an adjunct to routine cytology, it significantly improves diagnostic sensitivity. (2) Methods: We searched our laboratory information system to identify all bile duct brush cytology cases with follow-up surgical pathology between January 2001 and September 2019.

The comparison of different BCG strains in the intravesical treatment of non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder-A real-world practice.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been well recognized as the first-line intravesical therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Oncotice, the Tice strain of BCG, serves as a viable alternative to the Connaught strain owing to the worldwide shortage of the latter. We retrospectively compared these two strains in terms of efficacy and adverse effects (AE) in patients who underwent at least one maintenance course after induction.

Multi-institutional validation of a modified scheme for subcategorizing salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP).

Background: The salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) category in the Milan System is diagnostically challenging. This study aims to validate a modified scheme for subcategorizing SUMP in a large multi-institutional cohort.

Methods: Retrospective review of salivary gland fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) from 10 institutions were classified based on the Milan System.

Patients with preoperative asymptomatic pyuria are not prone to develop febrile urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association of asymptomatic pyuria before ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URSL) with postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods: This observational case-control study identified the patients undergoing URSL for ureteral stones between May 2011 and October 2015. The included patients were classified into two groups: the asymptomatic pyuria group (6-50 white blood cells [WBCs]/high-power field [HPF]) and the non-pyuria group (≤ 5 WBCs/HPF).

The cytology of salivary gland neoplasms with globules of extracellular matrix: Case-based review of adenoid cystic carcinoma and its potential mimics.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important tool for diagnosing salivary gland neoplasms and for guiding clinical management. The classic adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a basaloid neoplasm with abundant extracellular matrix. The presence globules of extracellular matrix are quite characteristic of AdCC but not diagnostic.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Sampling of Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Comparative Analysis of 25 Gauge 22 Gauge Core Biopsy Needles.

Background: Pancreatic mass sampling has historically been performed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). However, its sensitivity has been reported to be within a wide range, which limits its reliability. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) has been shown to have superior diagnostic performance and is increasingly replacing fine needle aspiration.

The importance of risk of neoplasm as an outcome in cytologic-histologic correlation studies on thyroid fine needle aspiration.

Background: The introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) altered the practice of thyroid pathology and reduced the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with the indeterminate categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC). It has been proposed that the evaluation of the risk of neoplasm (RON) is important in cytologic-histologic correlation studies.

Methods: A total of 5224 thyroid aspirates were performed at our institution during an 8-year period.

Risk of malignancy in "atypia of undetermined significance" category of salivary gland fine-needle aspiration: A bi-institutional experience.

Background: Many prior institutional and multi-institutional studies have applied the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) retrospectively to their specimens to determine the risk of malignancy (ROM) of each category. Most of these studies focused on general assessment of the system and risk classification. However, there seems to be less focus on the category of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) that could be attributed to the low number of cases that could fit into this category.

Therapeutic Use of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in a Murine Model of Acute Pancreatitis.

Background: No specific therapy exists for acute pancreatitis (AP), and current treatment remains entirely supportive. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have significant immunomodulatory and regenerative activities. We hypothesized that systemic administration of ASCs would mitigate inflammation in AP.

Prostate health index density predicts aggressive pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy in Taiwanese patients.

Background: There are models to predict pathological outcomes based on established clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-derived parameters; however, they are not satisfactory. p2PSA and its derived biomarkers have shown promise for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to investigate whether p2PSA-derived biomarkers can assist in the prediction of aggressive pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Multifocal High-Grade Pancreatic Precursor Lesions: A Case Series and Management Recommendations.

The risk of developing invasive cancer in the remnant pancreas after resection of multifocal high-grade pancreatic precursor lesions is not well known. We report three patients who were followed up after resection of multifocal high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)-3 or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), two of whom eventually developed invasive carcinoma. 1) 68-year-old woman who had a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for multifocal mixed-type IPMN, identified as high-grade on final pathology, with negative surgical margins.

Risk of malignancy and neoplasia predicted by three molecular testing platforms in indeterminate thyroid nodules on fine-needle aspiration.

Background: The management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology is challenging. Recently, molecular testing on fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) has been advocated to determine whether clinical follow-up or surgery is warranted for patients. Three different testing platforms were performed on aspirates from our institution (Afirma Thyroid FNA Analysis, RosettaGX Reveal, and Interpace ThyGenX/ThyraMIR).

Cytomorphologic comparison of type 1 and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 28 cases.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is classified as type 1 or type 2 on the basis of histomorphologic features. Type 1 pRCC typically carries a better prognosis, and renal cell carcinoma is often diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Thus, this study was designed to characterize cytomorphologic features present in FNA cases that could be used to discriminate between type 1 and type 2 pRCC.

Is intravesical prostatic protrusion a risk factor for hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency in benign prostate hyperplasia patients?

Background: Some patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms hesitate to undergo surgical treatment until acute urinary retention (AUR) occurs. Some of these patients have been found to have hydronephrosis or even renal insufficiency. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hydronephrosis in patients with AUR who needed to receive transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A Retrospective 12-Year Bi-institutional Study.

Objectives: Multi-institutional studies are required for the validation of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC).

Methods: A total of 1,560 fine-needle aspirations of the salivary glands were retrieved from two institutions for a 12-year period. The diagnoses were reclassified based on the MSRSGC.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic spindle cell follicular thyroid carcinoma: A case report.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma, spindle cell variant is extremely rare. The tumor is predominantly composed of spindle cells with a fusiform appearance that are arranged in intersecting fascicles. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of this entity has not been previously described.

Molecular Testing for EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements in the Cytological Specimens From the Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements using cytological specimens from the patients with a diagnosis of primary or metastatic lung non-small cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A total 307 cases were submitted for EGFR mutational analysis and 265 cases for ALK analysis. The cytological specimen sources included lung, lymph node, liver, bone, adrenal gland, mesentery mass, and body fluids/bronchial brushing.

The Dilemma of the Dilated Main Pancreatic Duct in the Distal Pancreatic Remnant After Proximal Pancreatectomy for IPMN.

Objective(s): A dilated main pancreatic duct in the distal remnant after proximal pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) poses a diagnostic dilemma. We sought to determine parameters predictive of remnant main-duct IPMN and malignancy during surveillance.

Methods: Three hundred seventeen patients underwent proximal pancreatectomy for IPMN (Indiana University, 1991-2016).

World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of renal masses.

Background: Utilization of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for the evaluation of renal masses has been increasing at our institution. At times diagnostic material on direct smears is superior to that in the cell block/core biopsy, therefore assigning an accurate nuclear grade in the cytopathology report would provide useful prognostic information.

Methods: Search of the pathology database identified renal FNAs performed during an 11-year period (2006-2017).