Influence of acute and chronic therapeutic cooling on cognitive performance and well-being.

Purpose: Research regarding the effect cold-water immersion (CWI) has on cognitive performance often uses excessive cooling protocols (>1-hour) to measure the detrimental impact prolonged cold exposure has on cognition. Previous studies have not considered shorter CWI protocols, similar to that used in recovery and wellness practices (∼10 min).

Aims: To investigate a more ecologically valid CWI protocol on cognition, well-being and sleep in an acute and chronic manner.

Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating in Competitive Cycling: A Scoping Review.

This article reports on the findings from a scoping review on eating disorders and disordered eating in competitive cycling. The review was informed by a scoping review methodological framework as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines. PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science were used to identify relevant literature for review.

An Investigation into Helmet Use, Perceptions of Sports-Related Concussion, and Seeking Medical Care for Head Injury amongst Competitive Cyclists.

The purpose of this study was to investigate competitive cyclists' helmet use, perceptions of sports-related concussion (SRC), and medical-care-seeking behaviors. A mixed-method approach was used with qualitative and quantitative data presented. The study comprised of a cross-sectional analysis of 405 competitive cyclists who completed an online survey.

The magnitude of translational and rotational head accelerations experienced by riders during downhill mountain biking.

Objectives: To determine the magnitude of translational and rotational head accelerations during downhill mountain biking.

Design: Observational study.

Methods: Sixteen male downhill cyclists (age 26.

Profiling of translational and rotational head accelerations in youth BMX with and without neck brace.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of BMX helmets and neck braces on translational and rotational accelerations in youth riders.

Design: Mixed model, repeated measure and correlation.

Methods: Twenty three competitive youth BMX riders classified by age group (6-9 years, 10-13 years and 14-18 years) completed 6 laps of an indoor BMX track at race pace, 3 laps without a neck brace (NB) and 3 without brace (WB).

The Effect of "Pumping" and "Nonpumping" Techniques on Velocity Production and Muscle Activity During Field-Based BMX Cycling.

Rylands, LP, Hurst, HT, Roberts, SJ, and Graydon, RW. The effect of "pumping" and "nonpumping" techniques on velocity production and muscle activity during field-based BMX cycling. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 445-450, 2017-The aim of the current study was to determine if a technique called "pumping" had a significant effect on velocity production in Bicycle Motocross (BMX) cycling.

Effect of gear ratio on peak power and time to peak power in BMX cyclists.

The aim of this study was to ascertain if gear ratio selection would have an effect on peak power and time to peak power production in elite Bicycle Motocross (BMX) cyclists. Eight male elite BMX riders volunteered for the study. Each rider performed three, 10-s maximal sprints on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track.

The effect of mountain bike wheel size on cross-country performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different wheel size diameters on indicators of cross-country mountain bike time trial performance. Nine competitive male mountain bikers (age 34.7 ± 10.

Influence of wheel size on muscle activity and tri-axial accelerations during cross-country mountain biking.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of different mountain bike wheel diameters on muscle activity and whether larger diameter wheels attenuate muscle vibrations during cross-country riding. Nine male competitive mountain bikers (age 34.7 ± 10.

Effect of cadence selection on peak power and time of power production in elite BMX riders: A laboratory based study.

The aims of this study were to analyse the optimal cadence for peak power production and time to peak power in bicycle motocross (BMX) riders. Six male elite BMX riders volunteered for the study. Each rider completed 3 maximal sprints at a cadence of 80, 100, 120 and 140 revs · min on a laboratory Schoberer Rad Messtechnik (SRM) cycle ergometer in isokinetic mode.

Variability in Laboratory vs. Field Testing of Peak Power, Torque, and Time of Peak Power Production Among Elite Bicycle Motocross Cyclists.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the variation in elite male bicycle motocross (BMX) cyclists' peak power, torque, and time of power production during laboratory and field-based testing. Eight elite male BMX riders volunteered for the study, and each rider completed 3 maximal sprints using both a Schoberer Rad Messtechnik (SRM) ergometer in the laboratory and a portable SRM power meter on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track. The results revealed a significantly higher peak power (p ≤ 0.

The Reliability of Electromyographic Normalization Methods for Cycling Analyses.

Electromyography (EMG) is normalized in relation to a reference maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) value. Different normalization techniques are available but the most reliable method for cycling movements is unknown. This study investigated the reliability of different normalization techniques for cycling analyses.

Electromyographic response of global abdominal stabilizers in response to stable- and unstable-base isometric exercise.

Core stability training traditionally uses stable-base techniques. Less is known as to the use of unstable-base techniques, such as suspension training, to activate core musculature. This study sought to assess the neuromuscular activation of global core stabilizers when using suspension training techniques, compared with more traditional forms of isometric exercise.

The influence of different footwear on 3-D kinematics and muscle activation during the barbell back squat in males.

The barbell back squat is commonly used by athletes participating in resistance training. The barbell squat is typically performed using standard athletic shoes, or specially designed weightlifting footwear, although there are now a large number of athletes who prefer to squat barefoot or in barefoot-inspired footwear. This study aimed to determine how these footwear influence 3-D kinematics and muscle activation potentials during the barbell back squat.

The Presence of Bilateral Imbalance of the Lower Limbs in Elite Youth Soccer Players of Different Ages.

The aim of this study was to examine bilateral differences in ground reaction forces (GRF), measured during a deep squat (DS) exercise, in a population of elite youth soccer players. Bilateral muscle balance is a key component in promoting musculoskeletal health of performers, yet there is a limited evidence base investigating such imbalances in youth. Seventy-four subjects were assigned to performance groups according to chronological age (younger than 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 years).

The effect of different durations of carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance.

Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve time trial performance. Although the exact mechanism remains un-established, research postulates that there are oral cavity receptors which increase neural drive. Increasing the duration of the mouth rinse could potentially increase stimulation of these receptors.

Power output of field-based downhill mountain biking.

The purpose of this study was to assess the power output of field-based downhill mountain biking. Seventeen trained male downhill cyclists (age 27.1 +/- 5.

Agreement between polar and SRM mobile ergometer systems during laboratory-based high-intensity, intermittent cycling activity.

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between two mobile cycle ergometer systems for recording high-intensity, intermittent power output. Twelve trained male cyclists (age 31.4 +/- 9.