Characteristics, risk factors and clinical impact of penicillin and other antibiotic allergies in adults in the UK General Practice: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess the characteristics, risk factors and clinical impact of penicillin and other antibiotic allergies labels in general practice in the UK.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Primary care in the UK, 2000-2018.

Exploring the Impact of a Targeted Positive Psychological Intervention on Healthcare Workers' Subjective Happiness.

Objective: The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge to improve healthcare worker (HCW) happiness.

Background: Already trending upward, HCW burnout spiked during the pandemic reaching rates of 49% to 69%.

Methods: This unblinded randomized controlled trial studied a positive psychological intervention's (PPI) impact on subjective happiness among 183 HCWs in a 644-bed community healthcare organization.

Assessing the Value of New Antimicrobials: Evaluations of Cefiderocol and Ceftazidime-Avibactam to Inform Delinked Payments by the NHS in England.

Objectives: The UK has recently established subscription-payment agreements for two antimicrobials: cefiderocol and ceftazidime-avibactam. This article summarises the novel value assessments that informed this process and lessons learned for future pricing and funding decisions.

Methods: The evaluations used decision modelling to predict population incremental net health effects (INHEs), informed by systematic reviews, evidence syntheses, national surveillance data and structured expert elicitation.

Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing.

Emerging approaches show promise for regulatory use.

ACSL3 is a promising therapeutic target for alleviating anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, affects over 55 million people worldwide and is often accompanied by depression and anxiety. Both significantly impact patients' quality of life and impose substantial societal and economic burdens on healthcare systems. Identifying the complex regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the psychological and emotional deficits in AD will provide promising therapeutic targets.

Adductor Tubercle Appears More Posterior on Radiographs of Knees With Trochlear Dysplasia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic positions of commonly utilized landmarks for medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) reconstruction between symptomatic and normal knees and to assess the influence of morphologic risk factors.

Methods: Three-dimensional models were created from the knees of patients with patellar instability and compared to control knees. On 3-dimensional models, the adductor tubercle, medial epicondyle, and gastrocnemius tubercle were marked.

Lacosamide in palliative medicine: a retrospective chart review.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral (PO) and subcutaneous (SC) lacosamide for refractory symptoms in the palliative setting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the use of lacosamide since it was introduced in our palliative care service 1½ years ago. All clinical notes, medication administration records and infusion monitoring documentation were examined to ascertain therapeutic aim, efficacy, and tolerability.

Cardiorespiratory Stability in Critically Ill Preterm Infants following Dexmedetomidine Initiation.

Objective:  This study aimed to evaluate cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants receiving dexmedetomidine using high-resolution physiologic data.

Study Design:  We analyzed preterm infants with continuous heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO) data for 24 hours preceding and 48 hours following dexmedetomidine initiation. Invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP), when available, was analyzed.

Tachycardia-Desaturation Episodes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients with and without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objectives:  Much attention has been paid to measuring physiological episodes of bradycardia-oxygen desaturation (BDs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU patients also have spells of tachycardia-desaturation (TDs), but these have not been well-characterized. We hypothesized that TDs would be more common among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Utilising primary care electronic health records to deliver the ALABAMA randomised controlled trial of penicillin allergy assessment.

Background: Use of electronic health records (EHR) to provide real-world data for research is established, but using EHR to deliver randomised controlled trials (RCTs) more efficiently is less developed. The Allergy AntiBiotics And Microbial resistAnce (ALABAMA) RCT evaluated a penicillin allergy assessment pathway versus usual clinical care in a UK primary care setting. The aim of this paper is to describe how EHRs were used to facilitate efficient delivery of a large-scale randomised trial of a complex intervention embracing efficient participant identification, supporting minimising GP workload, providing accurate post-intervention EHR updates of allergy status, and facilitating participant follow up and outcome data collection.

Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain.

Serum/Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is ubiquitous across a wide range of tissues, orchestrating numerous signaling pathways and associated with various human diseases. SGK1 has been extensively explored in diverse types of immune and inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, as well as cancer metastasis. These studies link SGK1 to cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, membrane transport, and drug resistance.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of nicotine and its metabolites (cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following nose-only inhalation, oral gavage, and intravenous infusion of nicotine.

Nicotine is an alkaloid found in tobacco. Human exposure to nicotine primarily occurs through the use of tobacco products. To date, limited nicotine pharmacokinetic data in animals have been reported.

A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort study of the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients during the first wave of COVID-19.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Objectives: Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic.

A two-year dataset of energy, environment, and system operations for an ultra-low energy office building.

This paper describes a two-year high-fidelity dataset for an ultra-low energy office building and living laboratory called HouseZero. The building integrates multiple low-energy technologies, such as natural ventilation with automatic windows, ground source heat pump, and thermally activated building systems. The building's performance is continuously monitored with an extensive sensor network.

Potential value of animal microphysiological systems.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) are designed to recapitulate aspects of tissue/organ physiology in vivo, thereby providing potential value in safety and efficacy assessments of FDA-regulated products and regulatory decision-making. While there have been significant advances in the development, use, and proposals of qualification criteria for human organ MPS, there remains a gap in the development using animal tissues. Animal MPS may be of value in many areas including the study of zoonotic diseases, assessment of the safety and efficacy of animal therapeutics, and possibly reduction of the use of animals in regulatory submissions for animal therapeutics.

Gadolinium-Enhanced T2 FLAIR Is an Imaging Biomarker of Radiation Necrosis and Tumor Progression in Patients with Brain Metastases.

Background And Purpose: Differentiating radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor progression (TP) after radiation therapy for brain metastases is an important clinical problem requiring advanced imaging techniques that may not be widely available and are challenging to perform at multiple time points. The ability to leverage conventional MRI for this problem could have a meaningful clinical impact. The purpose of this study was to explore contrast-enhanced T2 FLAIR (T2FLAIRc) as a new imaging biomarker of RN and TP.

Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy for chronic back pain: hypothesis and trial rationale.

Chronic pain syndromes affect over one-third of the US adult population and often lead to significant disability and a reduced quality of life. Despite their high prevalence, causal links between chronic pain syndromes and anatomic abnormalities are often not apparent. Most current chronic pain treatments provide modest, if any, relief.

Evidence of quality of life for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a scoping review.

Background: Information on the quality of life of people hospitalised with COVID-19 is important, both in assessing the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of treatments. However, there were potential barriers to collecting such evidence.

Objective: To review the existing evidence on quality of life for people hospitalised with COVID-19, with a focus on the amount of evidence available and methods used.

Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach.

Background: Experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress may be the cost of caring for trauma patients. Emergency nurses caring for trauma patients are at risk for traumatic stress reactions.

Objective: This study explored the stress and coping behaviors experienced by emergency nurses who provide trauma care.

Quantitative Foot Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reliably Measures Disease Progression in Children and Adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A.

Quantitative muscle fat fraction (FF) responsiveness is lower in younger Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients with lower baseline calf-level FF. We investigated the practicality, validity, and responsiveness of foot-level FF in this cohort involving 22 CMT1A patients and 14 controls. The mean baseline foot-level FF was 25.

Integrin-αvβ6 targeted peptide-toxin therapy in a novel αvβ6-expressing immunocompetent model of pancreatic cancer.

Previously we reported that a novel αvβ6-specific peptide-drug conjugate (SG3299) could eliminate established human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) xenografts. However the development of effective therapies for PDAC, which is an essential need, must show efficacy in relevant immunocompetent animals. Previously we reported that the KPC mouse transgenic PDAC model that closely recapitulates most stages of development of human PDAC, unlike in humans, failed to express αvβ6 on their tumours or metastases.