Publications by authors named "Howard Njoo"
. Tuberculosis control in foreign-born populations is a major public health concern for Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States, large immigrant- and refugee-receiving countries that comprise the Immigration and Refugee Health Working Group (IRHWG). Identifying and comparing immigration and distribution of foreign-born tuberculosis cases are important for developing targeted and collaborative interventions.
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- - This paper introduces an action framework designed for countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence aiming to eliminate the disease, emphasizing a step-by-step approach towards "pre-elimination" and eventual complete elimination of TB.
- - The framework identifies challenges faced by low-incidence countries, such as decreased political commitment, funding, and awareness as TB rates decline, along with issues related to vulnerable populations and cross-border migration.
- - Eight priority action areas are outlined to tackle these challenges, including ensuring political support, addressing the needs of at-risk groups, and investing in research, all while emphasizing a multisectoral approach to ensure equitable access to TB diagnosis and treatment.
Objectives: Hemodialysis-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) is a significant public health problem because the number of hemodialysis patients in Canada had doubled from 1996 to 2005.Our study aimed to determine the costs of nosocomial BSIs in Canada and estimate the investment expenses for establishing infection control programs in general hospitals and conduct cost-benefit analysis.
Materials And Methods: The data from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program was used to estimate the incidence rate of nosocomial BSI.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne single-stranded RNA virus, which has relatively recently emerged as a blood transfusion and organ transplantation transmissible pathogen. Low levels of WNV (viremia) are found in asymptomatic blood transfusion or cell/tissue donors with an infection, which poses a health threat to recipients. Since the introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) in 2003, many changes have occurred in the field of WNV detection and diagnosis.
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