Development and content validation of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score.

Objectives: To develop and content validate a percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score, taking into consideration the procedure-specific risks.

Methods: This prospective international study utilized the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to systematically outline percutaneous nephrolithotomy and failure modes for each step. A total of 25 h was spent observing percutaneous nephrolithotomy carried out by six expert surgeons.

Perinephric Collection: Hematoma or Duodenal Perforation?

A 74-year-old man presented with a history of collapse and abdominal pain. Initial imaging showed a left sided preirenal collection. The initial working diagnosis was perirenal hematoma secondary to renal trauma.

An overview of the use and implementation of checklists in surgical specialities - a systematic review.

Introduction: Surgical procedures present an immense risk to patients, and adverse patient outcomes are frequently due to substandard non-technical skills amongst surgical staff. The implementation of a 19-item Surgical Safety Checklist, developed by the World Health Organization, is being enforced in operating theatres globally. The objective is to systematically analyze published literature to assess the use of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and their impact in on patient safety.

Obstructive uropathy due to uretero-inguinal hernia: An uncommon occurrence.

Obstructive uropathy secondary to uretero-inguinal hernia is a rare phenomenon. Two types have been described-the rarer extraperitoneal type is frequently associated with other renal anomalies. Pre-operative diagnosis is essential in order to reduce the risk of ureteric injury intra-operatively.

Renal cell carcinoma with retro-aortic renal vein thrombus: a case series.

Objective: To present three cases of tumour thrombus in the retro-aortic renal vein (RARV) arising from left renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), a very rare event (<1:1000-2000 per case) and to discuss the embryological, radiological and surgical aspects of this anomaly.

Patients And Methods: Three cases of RCC with RARV thrombus presented in a 1-month period at one institution.

Results: All three cases were identified before surgery by computed tomography (CT) urograms and had a successful nephrectomy.

Safety profile of a nicotine lozenge compared with that of nicotine gum in adult smokers with underlying medical conditions: a 12-week, randomized, open-label study.

Background: Nicotine polacrilex lozenges deliver 25% to 27% more nicotine compared with equivalent doses of nicotine polacrilex gum. The increased nicotine exposure from the lozenge has raised questions about the relative safety of the lozenge and gum.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the safety profiles of the 4-mg nicotine lozenge and 4-mg nicotine gum in smokers with selected label-restricted diseases.