Novel gas exposure system for the controlled exposure of plants to gaseous hydrogen fluoride.

Plants can serve as sensitive bioindicators of the presence of contaminant vapors in the atmosphere. This work describes a novel laboratory-based gas exposure system capable of calibrating plants as bioindicators for the detection and delineation of the atmospheric contaminant hydrogen fluoride (HF) as a preparatory step for monitoring release emissions. To evaluate changes in plant phenotype and stress-induced physiological effects attributed to HF alone, the gas exposure chamber must have additional controls to simulate otherwise optimal plant growth conditions including variables such as light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and irrigation.

Distribution of multiunit pitch responses recorded intracranially from human auditory cortex.

The perception of pitch is a fundamental percept, which is mediated by the auditory system, requiring the abstraction of stimulus properties related to the spectro-temporal structure of sound. Despite its importance, there is still debate as to the precise areas responsible for its encoding, which may be due to species differences or differences in the recording measures and choices of stimuli used in previous studies. Moreover, it was unknown whether the human brain contains pitch neurons and how distributed such neurons might be.

Effect of Intensity of Home Noninvasive Ventilation in Individuals With Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.

Introduction: Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), targeting a reduction of carbon dioxide with a combination of sufficient inspiratory support and backup-rate improves outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this systematic review with individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of intensity of home NIV on respiratory outcomes in individuals with slowly progressive neuromuscular (NMD) or chest-wall disorders (CWD).

Methods: Controlled, non-controlled and cohort studies indexed between January-2000 and December-2020 were sought from Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register.

Temporally organized representations of reward and risk in the human brain.

The value and uncertainty associated with choice alternatives constitute critical features along which decisions are made. While the neural substrates supporting reward and risk processing have been investigated, the temporal organization by which these computations are encoded remains elusive. Here we leverage the high spatiotemporal precision of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to uncover how representations of decision-related computations unfold in time.

Proteomic and Clinicopathologic Assessment of Penile Amyloidosis: A Single Institutional Review of 12 Cases.

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on penile amyloidosis. We aimed to assess the frequency of different amyloid types in surgical specimens from the penis involved by amyloidosis and correlate relevant clinicopathologic parameters with proteomic findings.

Methods: Since 2008, our reference laboratory has performed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for amyloid typing.

Benralizumab: A novel treatment for the cutaneous features of paediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (pEGPA).

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis presenting primarily with pulmonary and cutaneous features. The disease is typically seen in the fifth or sixth decade of life (1, 2). We report a case of EGPA in an adolescent who was successfully treated with the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor inhibitor, benralizumab.

Probing the drivers of biofilm protein amyloidogenesis and disrupting biofilms with engineered protein disaggregases.

Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are the primary proteinaceous component of biofilms. Residence in the protective environment of biofilms allows bacteria to rapidly evolve and acquire antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to persistent infections such as those caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA). In their soluble form, PSMs hinder the immune response of the host and can increase the virulence potential of MRSA.

Complex synaptic and intrinsic interactions disrupt input/output functions in the hippocampus of knockout mice.

Unlabelled: Mutations in the gene have been linked to severe developmental epileptic encephalopathies including Dravet syndrome. k nock o ut (KO) mice model loss of function disorders, demonstrating seizures, developmental delays, and early death. encodes the protein β1, an ion channel auxiliary subunit that also has roles in cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and gene expression.

Feeling sleepy? stop driving-awareness of fall asleep crashes.

Study Objectives: To examine whether drivers are aware of sleepiness and associated symptoms, and how subjective reports predict driving impairment and physiological drowsiness.

Methods: Sixteen shift workers (19-65 years; 9 women) drove an instrumented vehicle for 2 hours on a closed-loop track after a night of sleep and a night of work. Subjective sleepiness/symptoms were rated every 15 minutes.

Species Delineation and Comparative Genomics within the Complex.

Campylobacter ureolyticus is an emerging pathogen increasingly appreciated as a common cause of gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal infections in humans. Outside the setting of gastroenteritis, little work has been done to describe the genomic content and relatedness of the species, especially regarding clinical isolates. We reviewed the epidemiology of clinical C.

From neurotransmitters to networks: Transcending organisational hierarchies with molecular-informed functional imaging.

The human brain exhibits complex interactions across micro, meso-, and macro-scale organisational principles. Recent synergistic multi-modal approaches have begun to link micro-scale information to systems level dynamics, transcending organisational hierarchies and offering novel perspectives into the brain's function and dysfunction. Specifically, the distribution of micro-scale properties (such as receptor density or gene expression) can be mapped onto macro-scale measures from functional MRI to provide novel neurobiological insights.

Role of Strong Localized vs Weak Distributed Interactions in Disordered Protein Phase Separation.

Interaction strength and localization are critical parameters controlling the single-chain and condensed-state properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, we decipher these relationships using coarse-grained heteropolymers comprised of hydrophobic (H) and polar (P) monomers as model IDPs. We systematically vary the fraction of P monomers and employ two distinct particle-based models that include either strong localized attractions between only H-H pairs (HP model) or weak distributed attractions between both H-H and H-P pairs (HP+ model).

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Verbal Communication Interventions for Mechanically Ventilated Adults With a Tracheostomy.

There is developing evidence with regard to the feasibility, utility, and safety of verbal communication interventions with patients with tracheostomy who are invasively ventilated. In the past 2 decades, research efforts have focused on establishing evidence for communication interventions, including introducing an intentional leak into the ventilatory circuit such as with a fenestrated tube, leak speech or ventilator-adjusted leak speech, the use of a one-way valve in-line with the ventilator, and above cuff vocalization. This narrative review describes the benefits of a multi-disciplinary approach, summarizes verbal communication interventions, and provides guidance on the indications, contraindications and considerations for patient selection.

Insomnia, Poor Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration, and Risk for COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization.

Background: Medical comorbidities increase the risk of severe acute COVID-19 illness. Although sleep problems are common after COVID-19 infection, it is unclear whether insomnia, poor sleep quality, and extremely long or short sleep increase risk of developing COVID-19 infection or hospitalization.

Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of 19,926 US adults.

A Two Step Validation of the Performance-Based IISCA: A Trauma-Informed Functional Analysis Model.

Unlabelled: Functional analyses often involve extended exposure to evocative events and problem behavior, which potentially places the client at risk of retraumatization. The performance-based, interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA) is a brief analysis that is conducted in a single session and applies a trauma-assumed framework in the development of the assessment procedures (e.g.

A Scoping Review of Mobile Apps in Plastic Surgery: Patient Care, Trainee Education, and Professional Development.

Unlabelled: Over the past 10 years, smartphones have become ubiquitous, and mobile apps serve a seemingly endless number of functions in our everyday lives. These functions have entered the realm of plastic surgery, impacting patient care, education, and delivery of services. This article reviews the current uses of plastic surgery mobile apps, app awareness within the plastic surgery community, and the ethical issues surrounding their use in patient care.

The association of patient age, race, and demographic features on reported pain and sedation dosing during procedural abortion: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To explore impact of age, racial, demographic, and psychosocial factors on patients' dosage of analgesia and maximum pain score during procedural abortion.

Study Design: We performed retrospective chart review of pregnant individuals undergoing procedural abortion at our hospital-based abortion clinic from October 2019 through May 2020. Patients were stratified into age groups,<19 years, 19 to 35 years, and>35 years.

Mobile app for personalized sleep-wake management for shift workers: A user testing trial.

Objective: Development of personalized sleep-wake management tools is critical to improving sleep and functional outcomes for shift workers. The objective of the current study was to test the performance, engagement and usability of a mobile app () for personalized sleep-wake management in shift workers that aid behavioural change and provide practical advice by providing personalized sleep scheduling recommendations and education.

Methods: Shift workers ( = 27; 20 healthcare and 7 from other industries) trialled the mobile app for two weeks to determine performance, engagement and usability.

Closed-Loop tACS Delivered during Slow-Wave Sleep Reduces Retroactive Interference on a Paired-Associates Learning Task.

Previous studies have found a benefit of closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (CL-tACS) matched to ongoing slow-wave oscillations (SWO) during sleep on memory consolidation for words in a paired associates task (PAT). Here, we examined the effects of CL-tACS in a retroactive interference PAT (ri-PAT) paradigm, where additional stimuli were presented to increase interference and reduce memory performance. Thirty-one participants were tested on a PAT before sleep, and CL-tACS was applied over the right and left DLPFC (F3 and F4) vs.

Health TAPESTRY Ontario: A Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Implementation and Reproducibility.

Purpose: Health Teams Advancing Patient Experience: Strengthening Quality (Health TAPESTRY) is a complex primary care program aimed at assisting older adults to stay healthier for longer. This study evaluated the feasibility of implementation across multiple sites, and the reproducibility of the effects found in the previous randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This was a pragmatic, unblinded, 6-month parallel group randomized controlled trial.

The effects of propofol anaesthesia on molecular-enriched networks during resting-state and naturalistic listening.

Placing a patient in a state of anaesthesia is crucial for modern surgical practice. However, the mechanisms by which anaesthetic drugs, such as propofol, impart their effects on consciousness remain poorly understood. Propofol potentiates GABAergic transmission, which purportedly has direct actions on cortex as well as indirect actions via ascending neuromodulatory systems.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic: a descriptive cross-sectional study in three Nigerian states.

Background: Emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic created unexpected challenges for health care workers. The global and national supply chain system was disrupted, and affected infection, prevention and control (IPC) practices. This study aimed at documenting health workers knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on IPC in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Family Physicians with Certificates of Added Competence in Palliative Care Contribute to Comprehensive Care in Their Communities: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Background: Since 2015, the College of Family Physicians of Canada has certified enhanced skills in palliative care (PC) with a certificate of added competence.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the ways family physicians with enhanced skills in PC contribute within their communities, the factors that influence ways of practicing, and the perceived impacts.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a multiple case study on the role and impacts of family physicians with enhanced skills (i.