Multivariate Genome-wide Association Analysis of a Cytokine Network Reveals Variants with Widespread Immune, Haematological, and Cardiometabolic Pleiotropy.

Cytokines are essential regulatory components of the immune system, and their aberrant levels have been linked to many disease states. Despite increasing evidence that cytokines operate in concert, many of the physiological interactions between cytokines, and the shared genetic architecture that underlies them, remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on cytokines.

Axillary Artery Injury Associated with Proximal Humeral Fractures: Review of Long-Term Vascular, Orthopedic, and Neurologic Outcomes.

Background: Fracture and dislocation of the proximal humerus is common. It is associated with a number of vascular, neurologic, and orthopedic complications; these include brachial plexopathy and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head. These complications are rare but can potentially cause severe disability to patients; however, they remain poorly described in the literature.

Emergency department presentations with mammalian bite injuries: risk factors for admission and surgery.

Objectives: The incidence of animal bite injuries in Australia is high. There is currently no established method for reliably predicting whether a patient with a bite injury will require admission to hospital or surgery.

Design: A retrospective audit of mammalian bite injuries at seven major hospitals in Melbourne, Victoria, over a 2-year period.