Purpose: Based on the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of adult disorders, it is reasonable to assume that the application of DBS in the pediatric population is an emerging area worthy of study. The purpose of this paper is to outline the current movement disorder indications for DBS in the pediatric population, and to describe areas of investigation, including possible medically refractory psychiatric indications.
Methods: We performed a structured review of the English language literature from 1990 to 2011 related to studies of DBS in pediatrics using Medline and PubMed search results.