An overview of the Be Well Home Health Navigator Program to reduce contaminants in well water: Design and methods.

Background: The Be Well Home Health Navigator Program is a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) implemented to compare a community health navigator program to usual care program to reduce contaminants in drinking water.

Design And Setting: This 4-year two-armed RCT will involve well owners in Oregon that have private drinking water wells that contain arsenic, nitrate, or lead above maximum contaminant levels.

Intervention: The intervention leverages the trusted relationship between Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Community Educators and rural well owners to educate, assist and motivate to make decisions and set actionable steps to mitigate water contamination.

Association between objective measures and parent-reported measures of child tobacco smoke exposure: A secondary data analysis of four trials.

Introduction: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) harms children and adults. Studies of childhood TSE exposure often relies on parental reports, but may benefit from objective measures. The objective of our study was to study the relationship between reported and objective measures of TSE.

Real-time feedback of air quality in children's bedrooms reduces exposure to secondhand smoke.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure creates health risks for non-smokers and is especially detrimental to children. This study evaluated whether immediate feedback in response to poor indoor air quality in children's bedrooms can reduce the potential for SHS exposure, as measured by adherence to a World Health Organization (WHO) indoor air standard.

Methods: Homes that contained children and an adult who regularly smoked inside (n=298) had an air particle monitor installed in the child's bedroom.

Barriers and Motivators for Smoking Cessation Among Caregivers of Inpatient Pediatric Patients.

Objective: To examine perceived barriers and motivators for smoking cessation among caregivers of inpatient pediatric patients.

Methods: From December 2014 to June 2018, trained tobacco counselors conducted motivational interviews (MI) with caregivers of inpatient pediatric patients ages 0 to 17, who participated in the intervention arm of a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial. By using NVivo 12 software, the first MI session with each caregiver was evaluated by 3 individuals to identify and categorize motivators and barriers; agreement among reviewers was reached.

Adaptive Goals and Reinforcement Timing to Increase Physical Activity in Adults: A Factorial Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Potent lifestyle interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are urgently needed for population-level chronic disease prevention. This trial tested the independent and joint effects of a mobile health system automating adaptive goal setting and immediate financial reinforcement for increasing daily walking among insufficiently active adults.

Study Design: Participants were randomized into a 2 (adaptive versus static goal setting) X 2 (immediate versus delayed financial incentive timing) condition factorial trial to increase walking.

The Role of Ethnicity and Nativity in the Correspondence between Subjective and Objective Measures of In-Home Smoking.

Studies are needed to understand the association between self-reported home smoking bans and objective measures of in-home smoking according to smokers' ethnicity/nativity. Data came from a trial that used air particle monitors to reduce children's secondhand smoke exposure in smokers' households (N = 251). Linear regressions modeled (a) full home smoking bans by ethnicity/nativity, and (b) objectively measured in-home smoking events, predicted by main and interaction effects of self-reported home smoking bans and ethnicity/nativity.

Intervening With Smoking Parents of Inpatients to Reduce Exposure: The INSPIRE Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Hospitalized children have high rates of tobacco smoke exposure; parents who smoke may be receptive to interventions during their child's hospitalization.

Objective: We tested the efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention for parents of hospitalized children.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, single-blind clinical trial from 12/14-5/18 at the Children's Hospital Colorado.

Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment.

Objective: Tobacco residue, also known as third-hand smoke (THS), contains toxicants and lingers in dust and on surfaces and clothes. THS also remains on hands of individuals who smoke, with potential transfer to infants during visitation while infants are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), raising concerns (e.g.

Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study.

Introduction: Microbiome differences have been found in adults who smoke cigarettes compared to non-smoking adults, but the impact of thirdhand smoke (THS; post-combustion tobacco residue) on hospitalized infants' rapidly developing gut microbiomes is unexplored. Our aim was to explore gut microbiome differences in infants admitted to a neonatal ICU (NICU) with varying THS-related exposure.

Methods: Forty-three mother-infant dyads (household member[s] smoke cigarettes, n = 32; no household smoking, n = 11) consented to a carbon monoxide-breath sample, bedside furniture nicotine wipes, infant-urine samples (for cotinine [nicotine's primary metabolite] assays), and stool collection (for 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing).

Assessing reinforcing versus aversive consequences in a real-time secondhand smoke intervention.

Few studies have examined the relative effectiveness of reinforcing versus aversive consequences at changing behavior in real-world environments. Real-time sensing devices makes it easier to investigate such questions, offering the potential to improve both intervention outcomes and theory. This research aims to describe the development of a real-time, operant theory-based secondhand smoke (SHS) intervention and compare the efficacy of aversive versus aversive plus reinforcement contingency systems.

Effects of Goal Type and Reinforcement Type on Self-Reported Domain-Specific Walking Among Inactive Adults: 2×2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: WalkIT Arizona was a 2×2 factorial trial examining the effects of goal type (adaptive versus static) and reinforcement type (immediate versus delayed) to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among insufficiently active adults. The 12-month intervention combined mobile health (mHealth) technology with behavioral strategies to test scalable population-health approaches to increasing MVPA. Self-reported physical activity provided domain-specific information to help contextualize the intervention effects.

Sedentary Behavior and Diabetes Risk Among Women Over the Age of 65 Years: The OPACH Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether sedentary time (ST) and/or sedentary behavior patterns are related to incident diabetes in the U.S.'s oldest age-groups.

Smoking Behaviors Among Tobacco-Using Parents of Hospitalized Children and Association With Child Cotinine Level.

Objectives: Understanding patterns of parental tobacco use and their association with child exposure can help us target interventions more appropriately. We aimed to examine the association between parental smoking practices and cotinine levels of hospitalized children.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from parents of hospitalized children, recruited for a cessation intervention randomized controlled trial.

Correction to: Variable Magnitude and Frequency Financial Reinforcement is Effective at Increasing Adults' Free-Living Physical Activity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40614-019-00241-y.].

Variable Magnitude and Frequency Financial Reinforcement is Effective at Increasing Adults' Free-Living Physical Activity.

Financial rewards can increase health behaviors, but little research has quantified the effects of different reinforcement schedules on this process. This analysis compares the average moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) associated with six distinct positive reinforcement schedules implemented within a physical activity promotion clinical trial. In this trial, participants ( = 512) wore an accelerometer for 1 year and were prescribed one of two types of MVPA goals: a static 30-min goal or an adaptive goal based on the MVPA produced over the previous 9 days.

Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children's Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure.

Introduction: Simple silicone wristbands (WB) hold promise for exposure assessment in children. We previously reported strong correlations between nicotine in WB worn by children and urinary cotinine (UC). Here, we investigated differences in WB chemical concentrations among children exposed to secondhand smoke from conventional cigarettes (CC) or secondhand vapor from electronic cigarettes (EC), and children living with nonusers of either product (NS).

Thirdhand Smoke Contamination and Infant Nicotine Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Thirdhand smoke (THS) is ultrafine particulate matter and residue resulting from tobacco combustion, with implications for health-related harm (eg, impaired wound healing), particularly among hospitalized infants. Project aims were to characterize nicotine (THS proxy) transported on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) visitors and deposited on bedside furniture, as well as infant exposure.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from participants in a metropolitan NICU.

Urinary metabolites of furan in waterpipe tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers in home settings in the US.

Objectives: Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings.

Methods: We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.

Remediating Thirdhand Smoke Pollution in Multiunit Housing: Temporary Reductions and the Challenges of Persistent Reservoirs.

Introduction: Toxic tobacco smoke residue, also known as thirdhand smoke (THS), can persist in indoor environments long after tobacco has been smoked. This study examined the effects of different cleaning methods on nicotine in dust and on surfaces.

Aims And Methods: Participants had strict indoor home smoking bans and were randomly assigned to: dry/damp cleaning followed by wet cleaning 1 month later (N = 10), wet cleaning followed by dry/damp cleaning (N = 10) 1 month later, and dry/damp and wet cleaning applied the same day (N = 28).

Persistent tobacco smoke residue in multiunit housing: Legacy of permissive indoor smoking policies and challenges in the implementation of smoking bans.

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a common indoor pollutant in multiunit housing (MUH). It is also the precursor of thirdhand smoke (THS), the toxic mixture of tobacco smoke residue that accumulates in indoor environments where tobacco has been used. This study examined the levels, distribution, and factors associated with THS pollution in low-income MUH.

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Reduction Strategies-Do They Work?

Objective: Many children experience tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and parents may take preventive measures to reduce TSE. The study goal is to assess if these strategies are associated with lower cotinine values, an objective biological measure of TSE.

Methods: Families admitted to Children's Hospital Colorado from 2014 to 2018 who screened positive for TSE were invited to participate in a tobacco smoking cessation/reduction program.

Reducing Tobacco Smoke Exposure in High-Risk Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate a hospital-initiated intervention to reduce tobacco smoke exposure in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study Design: A randomized, controlled trial compared motivational interviewing plus financial incentives with conventional care on infant urine cotinine at 1 and 4 months' follow-up. Mothers of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (N = 360) who reported a smoker living in the home were enrolled.

Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Introduction: Standard care interventions to reduce children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may not be sufficient to promote behavior change in underserved populations. A previous study demonstrated the short-term efficacy of an experimental counseling intervention, Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) compared with standard care on boosting low-income children's TSE reduction and maternal smoking at 16-week end of treatment (EOT). This study tested long-term posttreatment efficacy of this treatment through a 12-month follow-up.

Balance performance and related soft tissue components across three age groups.

With the aging process, falls and related injuries are common and unwanted events among older women. Lost balance is the last step before the frequent experience of falls. After menopause, women's bone conditions regarding health and balance performance steeply decline often resulting in serious injury.