HbA and fasting plasma glucose levels are equally related to incident cardiovascular risk in a high CVD risk population without known diabetes.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether screen-detected T2DM, based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or on HbA, are associated with different risks of incident CVD in high-risk populations and which one is preferable for diabetes screening in these populations, remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 8,274 high-risk CVD participants were included from the UCC-SMART cohort.

[Conservative treatment options for unguis incarnatus].

Unguis incarnatus (ingrown toenail) is a common problem in daily practice. Persons with unguis incarnatus stage two and three are often referred for surgical partial nail excision, however conservative treatment or minimal-invasive alternatives exist. In the latest Dutch guideline for ingrown toenails, there is minimal attention to these alternatives.

Newer long-acting insulin prescriptions for patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and practice variation in a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Little is known about prescription patterns of expensive non-recommended newer long-acting insulins (glargine 300 U/mL and degludec) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim: To identify practice variation in, and practice- and patient-related characteristics associated with, the prescription of newer long-acting insulins to patients with T2DM in primary care.

Design And Setting: A retrospective cohort study in Dutch general practices (Nivel Primary Care Database).

Methane Emissions from Superemitting Coal Mines in Australia Quantified Using TROPOMI Satellite Observations.

Two years of satellite observations were used to quantify methane emissions from coal mines in Queensland, the largest coal-producing state in Australia. The six analyzed surface and underground coal mines are estimated to emit 570 ± 98 Gg a in 2018-2019. Together, they account for 7% of the national coal production while emitting 55 ± 10% of the reported methane emission from coal mining in Australia.

Vast CO release from Australian fires in 2019-2020 constrained by satellite.

Southeast Australia experienced intensive and geographically extensive wildfires during the 2019-2020 summer season. The fires released substantial amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, existing emission estimates based on fire inventories are uncertain, and vary by up to a factor of four for this event.

Relevant methane emission to the atmosphere from a geological gas manifestation.

Quantifying natural geological sources of methane (CH) allows to improve the assessment of anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere from fossil fuel industries. The global CH flux of geological gas is, however, an object of debate. Recent fossil (C-free) CH measurements in preindustrial-era ice cores suggest very low global geological emissions (~ 1.

Quantifying methane emissions from the largest oil-producing basin in the United States from space.

Using new satellite observations and atmospheric inverse modeling, we report methane emissions from the Permian Basin, which is among the world's most prolific oil-producing regions and accounts for >30% of total U.S. oil production.

Satellite observations reveal extreme methane leakage from a natural gas well blowout.

Methane emissions due to accidents in the oil and natural gas sector are very challenging to monitor, and hence are seldom considered in emission inventories and reporting. One of the main reasons is the lack of measurements during such events. Here we report the detection of large methane emissions from a gas well blowout in Ohio during February to March 2018 in the total column methane measurements from the spaceborne Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).

Reduced biomass burning emissions reconcile conflicting estimates of the post-2006 atmospheric methane budget.

Several viable but conflicting explanations have been proposed to explain the recent ~8 p.p.b.

[Bariatric surgery: who, when and where?; an overview for the referring physician].

- Bariatric surgery is performed in patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 40kg/m2, or BMI > 35 kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbidities. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are the most frequently used procedures.- On average, patients have lost 25-27% of their original weight 10 years after surgery.

Within-class differences in cancer risk for sulfonylurea treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-55) - a study protocol.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk for developing cancer. As approximately 8% of the world's population is living with T2D, even a slight increase in cancer risk could result in an enormous impact on the number of persons developing cancer. In addition, several glucose lowering drug classes for treating patients with T2D have been associated with a difference in risk of cancer overall, and especially for obesity related cancers.

Addition of sulphonylurea to metformin does not relevantly change body weight: a prospective observational cohort study (ZODIAC-39).

Aim: To investigate changes in body weight trajectories after the addition of individual sulphonylureas (SUs) to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study, in a primary care setting in the Netherlands. Patients aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes who were included in the ZODIAC cohort between 1998 and 2012 and who received metformin monotherapy at inclusion (n = 29 195), and had used metformin as monotherapy for at least 1 year before receiving dual therapy through the addition of an SU for at least 1 year were eligible for inclusion.

Sex Differences in the Quality of Diabetes Care in the Netherlands (ZODIAC-45).

Objective: Our aim was to investigate whether trends in quality of diabetes care differ between sexes in the Netherlands from 1998 till 2013.

Research Design And Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study quality of care was measured using process and outcome measures in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Trend and absolute differences between sexes were investigated for patients <75 years.

Dutch diabetes prevalence estimates (DUDE-1).

Background: Recent decades have seen a constant upward projection in the prevalence of diabetes. Attempts to estimate diabetes prevalence rates based on relatively small population samples quite often result in underestimation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the Dutch diabetes prevalence estimate of 930 000 for 2013, based on a relatively small sample, still holds true when a larger population is studied using actual prevalence data.

Efficacy of device-guided breathing for hypertension in blinded, randomized, active-controlled trials: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Importance: Device-guided breathing (DGB) is recommended by the American Heart Association for its blood pressure-lowering effects. Most previous studies that showed beneficial effects on blood pressure had low methodological quality and only investigated short-term blood pressure effects.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of DGB on blood pressure in a meta-analysis of individual patient data from blinded, randomized controlled trials with an active control group.

Chromium does not belong in the diabetes treatment arsenal: Current evidence and future perspectives.

Chromium is considered to have positive effects on insulin sensitivity and is marketed as an adjunctive therapy for inducing glucose tolerance in cases of insulin resistance ("the glucose tolerance factor"). Case reports on patients who received prolonged parenteral nutrition indeed showed that the absence of trivalent chromium caused insulin resistance and diabetes. However, whether patients with type 2 diabetes can develop a clinically relevant chromium deficiency is unclear.

Safety and efficacy of gliclazide as treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objective And Design: Gliclazide has been associated with a low risk of hypoglycemic episodes and beneficial long-term cardiovascular safety in observational cohorts. The aim of this study was to assess in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials the safety and efficacy of gliclazide compared to other oral glucose-lowering agents (PROSPERO2013:CRD42013004156).

Data Sources: Medline, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.

Effects of writing down the request for help: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Studies investigating interventions, aimed at improving patient satisfaction by exploring the patient's request for help, show conflicting results.

Objectives: To investigate whether writing down the request for help on a request card, prior to the consultation improves patient satisfaction.

Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial, in which the patients were blinded to the intervention.

Vitamin B12 deficiency and the lack of its consequences in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin.

Objectives: To study vitamin B12 concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without metformin use and to identify risk factors and consequences of low vitamin B12 concentrations.

Research Design And Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. During eight weeks all patients with type 2 diabetes visiting the diabetic outpatient clinic of the Isala Clinics in Zwolle were approached for participation.

Orthostatic hypotension, diabetes, and falling in older patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although orthostatic hypotension (OH) is more prevalent in old age, and in patients with diabetes, the prevalence of OH in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown.

Aim: To establish the prevalence of OH, and its association with falling, in home-dwelling older participants with and without type 2 diabetes.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional study in primary care in the Netherlands.

The midregional fragment of pro-A-type natriuretic peptide, blood pressure, and mortality in a prospective cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-25).

Objective: Evidence that midregional fragment of pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is a marker of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the capabilities of MR-proANP in predicting mortality. We also investigated whether MR-proANP influences the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in old age.